&
                              |
                              |
  ᭮ 祡 ᮡ |
     䫮ଠ樮    |
          孮         |
      ७    |
                              |
                              |
     ᮡ ࠧࠡ⠭:     |
  ᨩ᪮ ⢥ |
    ࣠樥 -   |
   ᨩ᪨    |
                              |
 㪮⥫ ஥:        |
 १ ᨩ᪮        |
  ,             |
  ᪨   |
 㧭殢  ᥥ |
                              |
                              |
                              |
                |
                   |
                              |
            ᪢            |
             ]2020            |
V------------------------------]


 ॠ樨 ஥
ᯮ ।⢠
㤠⢥ প,
뤥  ⢥ ࠭
 १᪨ ࠭⮢

࠭ ᯫ⭮!

 ᮡ:
  ᫠











⥫⢮:  "%






                              {I

           

             ]1
       ]1. 
       祣 짮-
      ⥫
]1.]1. 䫮孨᪨
    ன⢠  ᯥ樠
    ணࠬ''''''''''''''''']1
  ]1.]1.]1. ணࠬ -
    쭮 㯠  -
    樨''''''''''''''''''''']4
  ]1.]1.]2. ⥧
    '''''''''''''''''''''']9
  ]1.]1.]3. ࠩ᪨
    ᯫ'''''''''''''''''']11
  ]1.]1.]4. 騥 -
    ''''''''''''''''''''''']15
  ]1.]1.]5. ணࠬ 㢥-
    祭 ࠦ 
    ࠭ '''''''']18
  ]1.]1.]6. 㢥-
    ⥫''''''''''''''''''''']21
  ]1.]1.]7. 䫮-
    ''''''''''''''''''''''']25


 {II
  ]1.]1.]8. ࠩ᪨
    ਭ''''''''''''''''']27
  ]1.]1.]9. ମ設'''''']32
 '''''''''']34
]1.]2. ணࠬ 㠫-
     㯠 {JAWS for
    {Windows''''''''''''''''']35
  ]1.]2.]1.  ଠ-
    '''''''''''''''''''''']35
  ]1.]2.]2. ᯥ
    {JAWS for {Windows''''''']37
  ]1.]2.]3.  ஥
    {JAWS'''''''''''''''''''']41
 '''''''''']45
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']46
]1.]3. ணࠬ 㠫-
     㯠 {NVDA''''''']47
  ]1.]3.]1. 騥 ᢥ''']47
  ]1.]3.]2.  {NVDA''''']52
  ]1.]3.]3. 
     {NVDA'''''''''''']53
  ]1.]3.]4.  ࠢ
     ''''''''''''''''']55
  ]1.]3.]5.  {NVDA''''''']56
 '''''''''']57


                            {III
]1.]4. ࠩ᪨ ᯫ''']58
  ]1.]4.]1. 譨 
    ࠩ᪮ ᯫ
    {Focus ]40 {Blue''''''''']58
  ]1.]4.]2.   
     ࠩ᪮
    ᯫ'''''''''''''''''']61
  ]1.]4.]3.  ⥪ 
     ࠩ᪮
    ᯫ'''''''''''''''''']64
  ]1.]4.]4.  ࠩ-
    ᪮ ᯫ'''''''''''']67
 '''''''''']69
]1.]5. 䫮'''''''']70
  ]1.]5.]1. 譨 
    䫮'''''''''']70
  ]1.]5.]2.  ࠢ-
    '''''''''''''''''''']72
  ]1.]5.]3. 祭  -
    祭 {El{Braille''''']76
  ]1.]5.]4.   
     ࠩ᪮ -
    ''''''''''''''''''''']79
  ]1.]5.]5.   ।-
    ஢ ⥪''''''''''']83



 {IV
 '''''''''']91
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']92
]1.]6. ࠩ᪨ ਭ''']93
  ]1.]6.]1. ਭ {Index
    {Braille''''''''''''''''']93
  ]1.]6.]2. ਭ
    {Tiger''''''''''''''''''']95
  ]1.]6.]3. ਭ
    {Everest-{D'''''''''''''']97
 ''''''''']109

            ]2
       ]2.  
      ᪨ 䥩ᮬ
      樮 ⥬
      {Windows  
      ணࠬ {JAWS  {NVDA
]2.]1.   襭
    ணࠬ'''''''''''''''''']1
 ''''''''''']4
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮''''''''''']5
]2.]2.   '''''''''''']6
  ]2.]2.]1.  -
    쭮 㯠''''''''''']6


                              {V
  ]2.]2.]2.  ਪ
    ணࠬ'''''''''''''''''']9
 '''''''''']12
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']13
]2.]3. 모 "祣 -
    %'''''''''''''''''''''']14
 '''''''''']17
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']18
]2.]4.  ࠢ
    ᪮ 䥩
     㠫 
    ࠡ  '''''''''''']19
 '''''''''']26
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']27
       ]3. ࠢ
      䠩  
        ணࠬ
      {JAWS  {NVDA
]3.]1. ᪨ ᢥ-
    '''''''''''''''''''''']28
  ]3.]1.]1   ''''']28
  ]3.]1.]2.   䠩''''']31
 '''''''''']33


 {VI
]3.]2. ஢ {windows'''']33
  ]3.]2.]1. 砫 ᢥ-
    '''''''''''''''''''''']33
  ]3.]2.]2.  䠩
     '''''''''''''''''']42
 '''''''''']44
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']45
  ]3.]2.]3. ஢ 
    ६饭 ꥪ⮢''''']47
  ]3.]2.]4.  ''''']49
  ]3.]2.]5.  ꥪ-
    ⮢'''''''''''''''''''''']51
 '''''''''']52
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']53
  ]3.]2.]6. २
      䠩''''''''''']55
  ]3.]2.]7. 뤥 㯯
    ꥪ⮢''''''''''''''''']56
  ]3.]2.]8. ⬥ -
    ⢨'''''''''''''''''''']61
 '''''''''']62
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']62



                            {VII
]3.]3. 䠩 
    {Total {Commander'''''''']63
  ]3.]3.]1. 騥 ᢥ''']63
  ]3.]3.]2. 䥩 {Total
    {Commander''''''''''''''']64
 '''''''''']68
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']69
  ]3.]3.]3.   
     䠩'''''''''''''''']69
  ]3.]3.]4.   㤠-
     ꥪ⮢''''''''''''']72
  ]3.]3.]5. ᬮ 
    㤠 䠩'''''''''']73
  ]3.]3.]6. 뤥
    ꥪ⮢''''''''''''''''']74
 '''''''''']75
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']76
  ]3.]3.]7. ࠢ筨 -
      {Total
    {Commander''''''''''''''']77
]3.]4.  ப'''''']85
  ]3.]4.]1. 騥 ᢥ''']85
  ]3.]4.]2.  
    ப {Windows ]10'''''']89


 {VIII
  ]3.]4.]3.   -
     ப''''''''''''''']93
  ]3.]4.]4. 
      -
    ''''''''''''''''''''''']94
  ]3.]4.]5. 襭 ࠡ-
     '''''''''''']97
 ''''''''']100
       ]4.  
      ⥪⮢ 㬥⮬
       {Microsoft {Word
        ணࠬ
      {JAWS  {NVDA
]4.]1.   ।஢
    ⥪'''''''''''''''''']101
  ]4.]1.]1.  {Word 
     ⥪''''''''''''']101
  ]4.]1.]2.   -
     '''''''''''''''']103
  ]4.]1.]3.   
    ࠩ᪮ ᯫ'''']106
  ]4.]1.]4. 뤥 ࠣ-
     ⥪'''''''''''']110
 ''''''''']113
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮''''''''']115


                             {IX

             ]3
       ]4.  
      ⥪⮢ 㬥⮬
       {Microsoft {Word
        ணࠬ
      {JAWS  {NVDA
      ()
]4.]2. ଠ஢ ⥪'']1
  ]4.]2.]1. ଠ஢
    ᨬ'''''''''''''''''']1
  ]4.]2.]2. ଠ஢
    楢''''''''''''''''''']4
 ''''''''''']7
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮''''''''''']8
]4.]3. ⨫  ᮧ
    '''''''''''''''']9
  ]4.]3.]1. ⨫''''''''''''']9
  ]4.]3.]2.  -
    ''''''''''''''''''''''']12
  ]4.]3.]3.  
    ⨫''''''''''''''''''']15
 '''''''''']16
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']17


 {X
]4.]4.   ᯨ᪨'''''']19
  ]4.]4.]1.  ⠡-
    '''''''''''''''''''''']19
  ]4.]4.]2. ८ࠧ
    ⥪  ⠡''''''''']21
  ]4.]4.]3.  ப
     ⮫殢''''''''''''''']23
  ]4.]4.]4.  ப
     ⮫殢''''''''''''''']25
  ]4.]4.]5.  ⠡-
    ''''''''''''''''''''']26
  ]4.]4.]6. ஢
    ⠡''''''''''''''''''']27
  ]4.]4.]7. ᫥ 
    ⠡''''''''''''''''']28
 '''''''''']32
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']33
]4.]5. ⥭ 㬥
    ணࠬ 㠫쭮
    㯠'''''''''''''''''']35
]4.]6.  -
    ⥫ 
    {Microsoft {Word''''''''']38
  ]4.]6.]1. 樠쭠 㭪-
     ࠡ  
    ''''''''''''''''''''']38

                             {XI
  ]4.]6.]2.  
    ணࠬ 㠫쭮
    㯠'''''''''''''''''']40
  ]4.]6.]3. ࠢ筨 
    "稬% 蠬
    ⥪⮢ 
    {Word'''''''''''''''''''']43
       ]5. 
       ஭묨 ⠡栬
       {Microsoft {Excel
        ணࠬ
      {JAWS  {NVDA
]5.]1.   ।஢
    ''''''''''''''''''']51
  ]5.]1.]1. 騥 ᢥ
     {Excel'''''''''''''''']51
  ]5.]1.]2.   ।-
    ஢ ''''''''''']57
 '''''''''']60
]5.]2.   ⠡-
    ''''''''''''''''''''''']61
  ]5.]2.]1. ० 室
    " %'''''''''''''''']61
  ]5.]2.]2.  -
    樨  ⠡''''''''''']62
 '''''''''']64


 {XII
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']65
]5.]3. ଠ஢ ⠡-
    ''''''''''''''''''''']66
  ]5.]3.]1. 뤥
     祥''''''''''''']66
  ]5.]3.]2. ଠ஢
    祥'''''''''''''''''''']70
 '''''''''']75
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']76
]5.]4.   㭪樨''''']78
  ]5.]4.]1. '''''''''']78
  ]5.]4.]2. 䬥᪨
    '''''''''''''''']81
  ]5.]4.]3.  祥''']82
  ]5.]4.]4. 㭪樨'''''''''']83
  ]5.]4.]5. ᯮ짮
    뫮  㫠'''''''']85
 '''''''''']90
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']92
]5.]5. ࠬ  䨪''']93
  ]5.]5.]1. 䨪'''''''''']93
  ]5.]5.]2. ࠬ'''''''']96
 '''''''''']98


                           {XIII
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']99
       ]6. 
        ୥
        ணࠬ
      {JAWS  {NVDA
]6.]1. {HTML-䠩  -
     ॢ⥫'''''''']100
  ]6.]1.]1.  ࠧ⪨
    {HTML''''''''''''''''''']100
  ]6.]1.]2. ਬ ⥩-
    襩 {HTML-࠭'''''']110
  ]6.]1.]3. {Internet
    {Explorer''''''''''''''']110
 ''''''''']116
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮''''''''']117

             ]4
       ]6.   
      ୥  
      ணࠬ {JAWS  {NVDA
      ()
]6.]2.   {WEB-
    ࠭栬''''''''''''''''']1
  ]6.]2.]1. 騥 ᢥ'''']1


 {XIV
  ]6.]2.]2.  -
    樨  {WEB-࠭'''''']3
  ]6.]2.]3.   ࠡ-
      ⠡栬'''''''''''']5
  ]6.]2.]4.   -
    祭 ࠢ''''''''''''']6
  ]6.]2.]5. ३'''''''''''']7
  ]6.]2.]6. ᪨ -
    '''''''''''''''''''''']9
  ]6.]2.]7.   -
    樨  {WEB-࠭栬 
    㠫쭮 ஫''''']10
 '''''''''']12
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']13
]6.]3.  ଠ樨 
     ୥'''''''''''']14
  ]6.]3.]1.  ᪮
    ᮢ {Google''''''''']14
  ]6.]3.]2.   -
    짮 ᪮
    ⥬ {GOOGLE'''''''''']22
 '''''''''']23
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']23
]6.]4. ஭ ''''']24


                             {XV
 '''''''''']29
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']30
       ]7. ࣠
       ᫮
      ࠡ  ணࠬ
      {JAWS  {NVDA
]7.]1. ன ணࠬ
    {JAWS for {Windows''''''']31
 '''''''''']35
]7.]2. ன ணࠬ
    {NVDA'''''''''''''''''''']35
  ]7.]2.]1. ⠭ -
    ࠬ {NVDA''''''''''''']35
  ]7.]2.]2.  ࠢ-
      ⠭
    {NVDA'''''''''''''''''''']40
 '''''''''']43
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']44
]7.]3. ࠩ᪨ ᯫ''']44
 '''''''''']46
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']47




 {XVI
]7.]4.  ⥫-
      ணࠬ
    㠫쭮 㯠'''']48
  ]7.]4.]1 ᯥ ᫮-
     ணࠬ {JAWS
    for {Windows''''''''''''']48
  ]7.]4.]2. 騥 ४-
    樨  ࠡ  ᯥ-
    ࠬ {JAWS for {Windows'']51
  ]7.]4.]3.  
    {NVDA'''''''''''''''''''']52
 '''''''''']56
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']57
       ]8. ᭮
      ணࠬ஢
       {JAWS  {NVDA
]8.]1. ᭮ 
    ணࠬ஢''''''''']57
  ]8.]1.]1. ᭮ -
    ᪨ 樨''''']57
  ]8.]1.]2. ਬ ⥩-
     ணࠬ''''''''''''']61
 '''''''''']71
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']73


                           {XVII
]8.]2. ணࠬ஢
    ਯ⮢  {JAWS''''''''']76
  ]8.]2.]1. ਯ ணࠬ-
     {JAWS for {Windows'''']76
  ]8.]2.]2. ᯥ ਯ-
    ⮢'''''''''''''''''''''']79
 '''''''''']84
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']85
]8.]3. ணࠬ஢
    ਯ⮢  {NVDA''''''''']86
  ]8.]3.]1. 
    {NVDA'''''''''''''''''''']86
  ]8.]3.]2. ⠭ 
     {NVDA'''''''''''''''''']88
 '''''''''']90
ࠦ  ᠬ⥫-
     믮'''''''''']91










 {XVIII
       ]9. ࠢ筠
      ଠ  ࠡ
       ணࠬ {JAWS 
      {NVDA
]9.]1. ࠢ筨  ᯮ-
     ࠩ᪮
    ᯫ'''''''''''''''''']91
  ]9.]1.]1. ᠭ ࠩ-
    ᪮ ᯫ
    {Focus ]40 {Blue''''''''']91
  ]9.]1.]2.  ⥭
     樨  ࠩ-
    ᪮ ᯫ''''''''']94
]9.]2. ࠢ筨  -
     '''''''''']96
  ]9.]2.]1.  {NVDA'''']96
  ]9.]2.]2.  {JAWS
    for {Windows''''''''''''']99










 {III                       ]1

             ]4
             
      ⥪⮢ 㬥⮬
        {Microsoft {Word
         ணࠬ
          {JAWS  {NVDA
           ()

]4.]2. ଠ஢ ⥪

   ]4.]2.]1. ଠ஢
   ᨬ
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠬࠬ
蠡 {Normal.dot,  ⥪⮢
। {Word  㬮砭
ᨬ ଫ ⮬
{Calibri ࠧ ]11 㭪⮢
筮 ⠭. ⮡ -
 ଠ஢ 㦥 -
࠭ ᨬ,室 
뤥  ⥬  -
 ࠬ   "%.
  뢠 -
୮  {Ctrl +{D 
롨ࠥ  ⥪⭮ .


뤥   
  ⤥ ᨬ,⠪ 
楫 ⥪⮢ ,᫮,-
,᪮쪮 ப.
  ⨨  
"% 䮪 뢠 
ᯨ᪥ ⮢. ᪮ -
⮢ 祭 , ᪠
㦭 㤮 ᯮ짮 -
 㪢  ,..
 롮  {Times {new
{Roman,室  ᯨ᪥,
 "{T%.  ,
 ᪫  
,㪢   
⨭᪮.
 ᫥   {Tab
䮪 뢠   롮
⠭, ᫥饥 ⨥
{Tab ॢ 䮪  
(஢ ।) 롮-
 ࠧ.   ,
ࠢ騥 । ᯮ㥬묨
ࠬࠬ .
           `:::::::::
   ࠬ  -
 ⠪   ᫥
 :

 {III                       ]3
  {Ctrl +{D- ⨥ -
  "%;
  {Shift +{F]3-  ॣ-
 㪢;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +{A- ८ࠧ-
  㪢  ய;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +{K- ८ࠧ-
  㪢  ;
  {Ctrl +{B- ਬ 㦨-
 ⠭;
  {Ctrl +{I- ਬ ᨢ-
 ⠭;
  {Ctrl +{U- ਬ -
;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +{D- ਬ
 ન;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +{Q- ଫ
뤥  ⮬
{Symbol;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +o ()-
祭 ࠧ ;
  {Ctrl +{Shift + ()-
襭 ࠧ ;
  {Ctrl + (ࠢ ⭠
᪮)- 祭 ࠧ
   㭪;


  {Ctrl + ( ⭠
᪮)- 襭 ࠧ
   㭪;
  {Ctrl +- ⨥ ਬ-
񭭮  ଠ஢.
           :::::::::`
`   , -
`    
`  ࠡ뢠  ࠡ 
` ணࠬ 㠫쭮 -
` 㯠. ⮡  ࠡ⠫,
` ।⥫쭮 ᫥ 
`  {Ins +]3 ய᪠
` .
 ਬ,⮡ 㢥 
  㭪,᫥ 
 {Ins +]3,  ⥬ -
 {CTRL +.

   ]4.]2.]2. ଠ஢
   楢
 ଠ஢  -
⢫   
"%,  맢
 ⥪⭮ .  ଠ-
஢    
易⥫쭮 뤥. 筮
⠭    

 {III                       ]5
 . ⮡ ਬ
 ଠ஢  -
᪮쪨 栬, 室
।⥫쭮 뤥.
 ଠ  饬 ଠ-
஢   
  ୮ 
{JAWS  {NVDA }Ins +{F. -
ࠬ 㠫쭮 㯠
ந ᭮ ࠬ
ଠ஢ ᨬ  ,
 । ண 室
.
   "% ࠧ-
   : " 
ࢠ%  "  -
%.    
᭮ ࠬ .
           `:::::::::
  ⠭ 祭 設-
⢠   ࠬ஢ ,
ᯮ ᫥騥 -
  {Word:
 {CTRL +{E- ४祭 
ࠢ   業
   ;


 {CTRL +{J- ४祭 
ࠢ   ਭ
   ;
 {CTRL +{R- ४祭 
ࠢ   ࠢ
    ;
 {CTRL +{L- ࠢ 
  ;
 {CTRL +{M-  㯠
᫥;
 {CTRL +{SHIFT +{M- 
㯠  ᫥;
 {CTRL +{T-  㯠;
 {CTRL +{SHIFT +{T- 襭
㯠;
 {CTRL +{SHIFT +]8- ⮡ࠦ
⠥ ᨬ;
 {CTRL +{SHIFT +{C- ஢
ଠ஢;
 {CTRL +{SHIFT +{V- ⠢
ଠ஢;
 {CTRL +]1-  -
 ࢠ;
 {CTRL +]2-  -
 ࢠ;
 {CTRL +]5-  -
 ࢠ;


 {III                       ]7
 {CTRL +]0- 祭 
㬥襭 ࢠ ।
楬   ப;
 {CTRL +{Q-  ଠ-
 .
           :::::::::`

:::::     ::::
  ]1.     -
 ࠬ ଠ஢
ᨬ?
  ]2.   맢 
"%?
  ]3. ᪠  ࠬ
ଠ஢ ᨬ 
   
"%.
  ]4.   
  ⠭ ᨬ-
  ?
  ]5. 祬   
室   -
᪠   ணࠬ -
㠫쭮 㯠?
  ]6.  ࠬ ଠ-
   ?


  ]7.   맢 
"%?
  ]8.   ࠬ
ଠ஢ ⥪饣 ?
  ]9. ᪠  㦭
ଠ஢ ? ᪮쪮
楢?
  ]10.   -
  ࠢ ⥪ 
?

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
     ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ ᫥騩 ⥪:
::::::::::::::::::::


稪   ,
㢨 ,⠫ : "-
,! !% 㦨 -
  : ࠢ. 
ᤥ ,⠪     ࠧ,
稫-  ࠢ 
. 稪 ⠫ :
", ᪮३,!% 㦨
㬠,  -ᥣ-

 {III                       ]9
 뢠,-  蠫
.  , 祣:
  १  ⠤.
.. ⮩

::::::::::::::::::::
 ଠ  ⥪
 ᮮ⢥⢨  ᫥騬
ॡﬨ:
 )   業,
 {Arial,ࠧ ]16;
 )  ᭨  ਭ,
 {Times {New {Roman,
ࠧ ]14;
 )    ࠢ
, {Arial,ࠧ ]14.

]4.]3. ⨫  ᮧ
       

   ]4.]3.]1. ⨫
  ᮧ   -
 㣨 ⮢ ଠ-
஢ 㤮 짮
⨫ﬨ.
|  ⨫-   
| ࠭  祭

| ࠬ஢ ଠ஢
| ⮢ ⥪ (楢 
| ᨬ),  -
| 짮 ⭮.
|  ⨫ 뢠 ⠭ 
| 짮⥫᪨.
 ⠭ ⨫  
樨 ⥪⮢ 
{Word. 짮⥫᪨ ⨫
ᮧ 짮⥫ 
䨪樨 ⠭ ⨫
 ᮧ .
 ⨫  ਬ (ᢠ-
)  ⤥쭮  -
㬥,ਬ ,।-
    
⥪,  ᯨ᮪, 
  ..
|   ⨫  . 
|  ⨫ । 
| 祭.
 ਬ,,ଠ஢-
 ⨫ﬨ " ]1%,
" ]2%  ..,⮬-
᪨   .
⨫ "% । -
 筮 ⥪.


 {III                       ]11
  맮 ᯨ᪠ ⨫ -
  
{Ctrl +{Shift +{S. ६饭
 ᯨ ⢫ -
⨪묨 ५, 롮
 ⨫ 襩 {Enter.
  襬  ᢠ
஬   -
:
 ]1.  ⥪ ,-
 㤥 , 
 {Enter.   
  ᪮쪮 ᫮. 
९   易⥫.
 ]2. ⠭   ।-
 񭭮  ( 
 ᨬ).
 ]3. 맮  롮
⨫ ୮ 
{Ctrl +{Shift +{S.
 ]4.  ५ ,-
  樨 ⨫ ⨫
" ]1%   
{Enter.
    ⥪
ਮ  . 


ᮧ   㤥
⮬᪨ 뢠.

   ]4.]3.]2.  ⨫
  ⠭ ⨫ -
  ᯮᮡ: 
⨫  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠬ-
ࠬ ଠ஢ ࠣ-
 ⥪   ⨫
   
" ⨫%.
   ⨫ 
ᯮᮡ 室 த
᫥饥:
 ]1.   ⥪ ࠣ,
 ஬ ਬ 騩
 ⨫ (ਬ,
" ]1%).
 ]2. ଠ  ࠣ-
  ᯮ짮 
ࠬ஢ (ਬ, -
 ࠧ   ⨫
" ]1%  ]16  ]14
㭪⮢).
 ]3. 뤥 ଠ஢
ࠣ ⥪.
 ]4.   {Alt +,
⨢  "%

 {III                       ]13
(ᤥ  , {Alt 
묨 ५  -
 ).
 ]5.   "% -
 㯯 "⨫%    -
  ᮮ⢥饣 ⨫
(ᤥ  ,ᯮ
 {Tab   
㪢 "%).  ,
  ⨫, ଠ-
஢ ⬥祭 ࠣ ⥪-
,㤥 뤥.
 ]6. 맮  뤥 -
 ⨫ ⥪⭮ .
 ]7.  ⥪⭮  롥
 " ( -
)  ᮮ⢥⢨  뤥
ࠣ⮬%.
 ᫥ ⮣  ࠬ, -
⢥⢨  묨  -
஢ 뤥 ࠣ,
 ᥭ   ⨫.
 ࠣ ⥪, 
ਬ  ⨫,⮬-
᪨ ଠ.
   ⨫  -
樨 "⨫%, ଠ ⥪

 㬥.  ⮣ ᫥
ᯮ짮 ᫥騬 -
⬮:
 ]1. 맮 ୮
 {Ctrl +{Shift +{S -
  ᯨ᪮ ⨫.
 ]2. 롥  ᯨ᪥ ⨫,
騩 .
 ]3. 襩 {Tab ३
  "...%  -
 .
 ]4.  襬  -
 ⨫ ⠭ 
ࠬ ଠ஢.
 ]5. 롥 ࠤ "-
  ⮬ 㬥%  "
  㬥% (
 ࠤ 祢) 
  "{OK%.
 ᫥ ⮣ ⨫ 㤥 
,   ।饬 砥,
ࠣ ⥪,ଠ஢-
  ⨫,⮬᪨
ଠ.





 {III                       ]15

   ]4.]3.]3.  
   ⨫
    
 ⨫,ᮧ  ᭮
ଠ஢ ࠭ ࠣ-
 ⥪.  ⮣ 
㯠  ᫥饬 -
:
 ]1. 롥  㬥 ࠣ-
 ⥪  ଠ 
 ࠧ,ᯮ -
  "%  "%
 ᮮ⢥騥 
.
 ]2. 뤥 ⮢
ࠣ ⥪.
 ]3. ⨢  "-
%,  {Alt +.
 ]4. ३  㯯 "⨫%,
  㪢 "%  -
  
{Ctrl +५ ࠢ.
 ]5. ன  "
⨫%,  㪢 "%
 ࠢ  ᯨ᪥ ᮮ⢥-


 .
 ]6.    "
⨫%  ᮮ⢥饥 
।஢   -
 ⨫   -
 "{%.
 ᫥ 믮 㪠
権  ⨫  
樨 "⨫%   
㤥 ᯮ짮   -
.

:::::     ::::
  ]1.  ⠪ ⨫?
  ]2.   맢 ᯨ᮪
⨫?
  ]3. 祬 㦭 ⠪ 
⨫?
  ]4.  ਬ ⨫ 
ࠣ ⥪?
  ]5.    
⨫?
  ]6.  ᮧ  ⨫?






 {III                       ]17

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1.  ⥪⮢ ।
{Word    ࠩ-
᪮ ᯫ ᫥騩 ⥪ 
믮 ,ᯮ
᫥   㭪 )- ).
::::::::::::::::::::

  ⨭ 㡥᪮
த {NN 堫 쭮 -
ᨢ ୠ  -
,   宫直: -
⠢ ,⠡--
⠭,騪,騥 
⭨  ,- ᫮,
, 뢠 ᯮ
। 㪨.  窥 ᨤ
ᯮ, ᠢ,  
୮ 㦭, ᫨誮
⮫, ᫨誮 ⮭;
᪠,⮡ ,   
⠪ ⮡ ᫨誮 . ꥧ
  ந  த ᮢ-
襭  㬠   

ᮯ஢ 祬 ᮡ;
⮫쪮  ᪨ 㦨,-
訥  ३  ⨢ -
⨭,ᤥ - -
砭,⭮ᨢ訥,祬,
 ,祬  ᨤ襬  .
.. 

::::::::::::::::::::
 ) ଠ ⥪ 
᫥騬 ࠬࠬ:
   - {times {New {Roman;
   ⠭- ᨢ;
   - ]16 㭪⮢;
   ࠢ  ਭ;
    ࢠ-
.
 ) 뤥 ࢮ ।
㦨 ⠭.
 ) ᪮   㬥
।, ஬ 뢠-
 ᯮ,ᨤ訩  窥.
 ) ⠭  ᪮஢-
 । ᫥騥 -
 ଠ஢:
   ⠭- ;
   - ]20 㭪⮢.


 {III                       ]19
  ]2. ଠ 
 ।饬 ࠦ ⥪
⨫ "뤥 %.
  ]3.   ⨫ 
 " %
 ᫥騬 ࠬࠬ ଠ-
஢:
   - {Arial;
   - ]16 㭪⮢;
   ⠭- 㦨;
   ࠢ  業.

]4.]4.   ᯨ᪨

   ]4.]4.]1.  ⠡
 ⮢  {Word -
 ଫ  ᮧ-
 㬥⮢   ⠡.
|  -  ଠ ࣠-
| 樨   ⮫栬  -
| , 祭 
| 室 祩.
|   祩 ⠡  -
|   ࠧ筮
| ⨯: ⥪,᫠,㭪,
|   .


  ⥪⮢ 㬥 {Word
⠡  ᮧ ᪮-
 ᯮᮡ. ᬮਬ ᠬ
⮩:
 ]1.     
㬥, 㤥 ᮧ ⠡-
.
 ]2. ⨢  "⠢-
%,  {Alt +[ 
ࠢ   .
 ]3. ३  㯯 "-
%,  "]4%  -
  㯯 
{Ctrl +५ ࠢ.
 ]4.    ⠡
 ]10 ⮫殢  ]8 ப.
६  ⮩ ⠡ -
묨 ५,롥 -
 ࠧ (ਬ,]2 "]3,
.. ]2 ⮫  ]3 ப) 
  {Enter.
 ᫥ 믮  ⢨
 㬥  ⠡
࠭ ࠧ. ६-
  祩 ᮧ ⠡
 襩 {Tab  {Shift}
+{Tab  ⭮ ࠢ.
  짮 -

 {III                       ]21
 {Ctrl +५ ࠢ 
{Ctrl +५ . 室 
祩,    ⥪
   ⢫
⠢   .
 ,   
 ⢨ ਢ-
  ⥪⮢ 
{MS {Word ]2016.

   ]4.]4.]2. ८ࠧ
   ⥪  ⠡
  ࠭ ⥪ 
 ८ࠧ  ⠡. 
⮣ ⥪ 室 ࠧ
 ⮫  ப ᯥ樠묨
ᨬ. 㯠  ᫥-
騬 ࠧ:
 ]1.  ⥪,ࠧ -
 祩 ᨬ ⠡樨
( {Tab).   ப
 {Enter.  ࠧ
㤥 ⮢ ࢠ ப
饩 ⠡.  ८ࠧ-
  ⠡ ࠧ 
祩 ந  ᨬ
⠡樨,  ப  ᨬ-

  (ᨬ  -
  ⨨ 
{Enter).   ࠧ -
 ⥪ ᫥ ப ⠡-
.
 ]2. 뤥 ⮢
ࠣ ⥪.
 ]3. ⨢  "⠢-
%, {Alt +[.
 ]4. ३  㯯 "-
%,  ]4.
 ]5. 롥  "८-
  ⠡...%.  
, ५ 
   㪢 "%.
 ]6.  襬 
 "८ࠧ  ⠡% 
ࢮ    -
⢮ ⮫殢,஥ {Word
। ⮬᪨.  ᫥-
饬  "⮯ ਭ
⮫殢% 㯭  ࠤ-
,   ਭ
⮫殢. ᫨ ⠭ ࠤ-
 "ﭭ%,  ᫥-
饬  㤥 ।⠢
  祭
"%   䨪஢

 {III                       ]23
ਭ ⮫殢. ᫨ ⠭
祭 " ᮤন%,
ᮧ 㧪 ⮫,-
騥   ᮤন-
  祩. ᫨  
" ਭ %, ਭ ᥩ
⠡ 㤥   ᮮ-
⢨  ࠧࠬ 㬥.
 ]7. 믮  室
ன,  "{OK%.
  ⮢ ⥪
ࠧ  祩 ⠡.
|   , ᢮-
| ⢠   ⠡
|    ᯮᮡ 
| ᮧ.

   ]4.]4.]3.  ப
    ⮫殢
   ᮧ ⠡
᫮ ⮫殢  ப  -
,   㤠
騥 ப  ⮫.
    ப 
 ⠡ 㦭 ⠭
  ᫥ 祩 ({JAWS


ᮮ,  室
 ᫥ 祩 ⠡) 
  {Tab.  ⮬
   ࢮ 祩
 ப. 
 ࠧ ⮫ .
  㭨ᠫ ᯮᮡ -
 ⮫殢  ப -
 ᫥騬 ⬮:
 ]1.    祩,
冷  ன 室 -
 ⮫  ப.
 ]2. 맮 ⥪⭮ ,
  {Application.
 ]3.  ⥪⭮  롥
 "⠢%.
 ]4.  襬  
 ⠢ ⮫ ᫥
 ࠢ  ப ᢥ 
᭨  ⭮襭  ⥪饩
祩,.. ᫨  
"⠢ ⮫ ᫥%, -
 ⠢ ⮫ ᫥ 
⮣,஬ ਭ ⨢-
 祩.




 {III                       ]25

   ]4.]4.]4.  ப
    ⮫殢
  㤠 ⮫殢  ப
᫥ 㯠 
ࠧ:
 ]1.    祩,
ਭ ⮬ ⮫ 
⮩ ப, 室
㤠.
 ]2. 맮 ⥪⭮ ,
  {Aplication.
 ]3.  襬  롥
 " 祩...%.
 ]4.  襬 
 묨 ५ 롥-
 室 ࠤ.
ਬ, 㤠 ப
롥 ࠤ "
 ப%   {Enter.
 ᫨ 뤥  
 ⠡ (  ⠡-
),㤥ন ⮩ 
{Shift  ६ , -
⥬   {Delete,
㤥 㤠 ⮫쪮 ᮤন
뤥 祥,ᠬ ⠡

⠭ .
  㤠 ᥩ ⠡ 
室 뤥  
થ஬ ,᫥騬 
,   {Delete.
`   , 
` 㬮砭 થ 楢 
` ⮡ࠦ.  ⮬ 砥
` 筮 뤥 
` ப  ⠡楩. ᫨ 
` 室 ⮡ࠧ થ
` 楢, ᫥ ᯮ짮-
`   {Ctrl +{Shift}
` +]8. 뢠 砨, 
`   ࠡ뢠,⮣
` ।  ᯮ짮 ᫥-
`    ணࠬ
` 㠫쭮 㯠 
` ய᪠  {Ins +]3.

   ]4.]4.]5.  ⠡
 祩 ⠡  ᮤঠ
  ⠡. 
ᮧ  ⠡ 
   祩, -
 室  ⠡-
, 믮   ⢨,
  ᮧ ⠡.

 {III                       ]27
  ணࠬ 㠫쭮
㯠  "த ⠡-
%-  砥, ⠡
 ᠬ  .
    ⠡,-
 祥  㣨 ᮡ-
⥩.

   ]4.]4.]6. ஢
   ⠡
 ⮢  {Word -
稢 ப  
।஢  ଠ஢
⠡.   㬥 ⠡-
,   ᮢ ᫥-
騥 樨:
 - ,஢  ⠢-
 ⥪    祩;
 - ६ ⥪  
 祩  ⠡栬;
 - ⠢  㤠 祩,
ப  ⮫;
 - ꥤ 祩  
ਧ⠫,⠪   ⨪;
 -  ⠡  ⤥
祩 ࠭栬;
 -  ࢠ 

祩;
 -   祩 㭪;
 - 믮  祩 ᫥-
     㭪権
(  {Excel);
 - ஢   祩
 ..
  設⢥  -
⥩  ⠭  -
. ਮ ।
  ࠡ  ணࠬ
{Word,  
 ᢮ ᠬ⥫쭮.

   ]4.]4.]7. ᫥
    ⠡
  ⠡ {Word ॠ
 㭪樨 ஭
⠡.  {Excel,Word -
 믮 ᫥ 
   㭪権. 
஢ ᫥  ⠡
室 ⠭  
祩, ன 室 -
 १.    ⠡-
筮  {Excel,㫠
ᥣ  ᫥  "=%
(ࠢ).

 {III                       ]29
 {Word ।⠢ १
᫥   . 
 室  
祩 ⠡ {Word, ⫨稥
 {Excel, ந室 ⮬-
᪮  १⮢
᫥. ⮬  -
 室   뫮
 祩 ⠡ १
᫥ 室 
   {F]9 
 ⥪⭮  "-
 %.
  ஢  뫪
  祥  ⠡ {Word
⮬᪨  ,
 {Excel,.. 뫪  祩 
⠡ {Word ᥣ 
᮫묨,  ⮡ࠦ
  . ⮬ 
஢  뫪 
 祥 㦭 ।஢
.
           `:::::::::
   ࠡ  ⠡栬 
  ᫥騥 -
 :

    祩  ⥪饬
⮫- {Insert +஡,{T,
{Alt +]1;
    祩  ⥪饩
ப- {Insert +஡,{T,
{Alt +]5;
  뢥 ᯨ᮪ ⠡  -
- {Ctrl +{Insert +{t;
   ࠬ  ⥪饩
祩  ⠡- {Alt}
+{Shift +{B;
    ⮫
 ⥪饩 祩- {Insert}
+{Alt +{Shift +{C;
    ப 
⥪饩 祩- {Insert +Alt}
+{Shift +{R;
   ⥪騩 ⮫ ⠡-
- {Alt +{Win +. (窠);
   ⥪ ப ⠡-
{Alt +{Win +, ();
  ३   ।騩
⮫ ⠡- {Win +{Alt}
+५ ;
  ३   ᫥騩
⮫ ⠡- {Win +{Alt}
+५ ࠢ;


 {III                       ]31
  ३   ।
ப ⠡- {Win +{Alt}
+५ ;
  ३   ᫥
ப ⠡- {Win +{Alt}
+५ ;
  뢥 ᯨ᮪ 
 {ms {Word- {Insert +{W;
    ᯮ㥬
ᨨ {MS {Word- {Ctrl}
+{Insert +{V;
     ⥪饬
㬥- {Ctrl +{Win +{k;
    ⬥祭 
 ⥪饬 㬥- {Alt}
+{Win +{k;
  뤥 ⥪  ⬥祭
  ⥪饩 樨 -
  ⥪饬 㬥-
{Insert +஡,{M.
           :::::::::`
 ⨬, 設⢮ ਢ-
  ⭮ ⮫쪮
 ணࠬ {JAWS for {Windows.
  砭. 짮 ⠪
    
ᯨ᪠ ᫥ ᫥⥫쭮.

,ਬ,⮡ 믮
 ,᭠砫 室-
  {Insert +஡ (
⮬ 㤥 ந ࠪ-
 ),⥬  ⨭-
 㪢 "{T%, ᫥ ⮣
 {Alt +]1.

:::::     ::::
  ]1.  ⠪ ⠡?
  ]2.   ᯮ 
祩 ⠡?
  ]3.   ᮧ ⠡
 ⥪⮢  {Word?
  ]4. ᪠  ८ࠧ-
 ⥪  ⠡.
  ]5.   ப 
⮫  饩 ⠡?
  ]6.  㤠 ப 
⮫  ⠡?
  ]7.  㤠  ᮤন
⠡?
  ]8.  㤠 ᠬ ⠡?
  ]9.  ⠪  ⠡-
?
  ]10.  ⠪ த
⠡?


 {III                       ]33
  ]11.  樨 
ᮢ  ⠡楩?
  ]12.  ⢫ ᫥-
  ⠡ {Word?

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1.  ⠡ ࠧ஬
 ⮫   ப.
 ࢮ ப ⠡ 㪠
᫥騥 : -
 ,ᠭ .
  ப ⠡
 {JAWS  ࠡ 
⥪⮢ । {WORD.
ਬ,
    ⮫- {Ctrl +{d,
   ன ⮫- 맮 -
       "%.
  ]2.  ⠡ ࠧ஬
]4 ⮫  ]5 ப  -
  ᫥騬 ࠧ:
  ࢮ ப ᫥騥
:
   ६ , ,
   ன ,⨩ .

  ப ᮤন ᫥-
騥 :
   ,,ﭢ,䥢ࠫ.
    ⠫
ப.
 ଠ ப  -
 ⮫殢  ᫥騬
ࠬࠬ:
   - {times {New {Roman;
   ⠭- 㦨;
   - ]24 㭪.
 ⠫ ப  ࠬࠬ:
   - {times {New {Roman;
   ⠭- ᨢ;
   - ]16 㭪⮢.
  ]3.  ⠡  ᯨ-
ᠭ ப.  ࢮ ப
뢠   -
,  ࢮ ⮫- 
ப.  祭 ᮮ⢥-
 ப  ⮫ 
室  ।.







 {III                       ]35

]4.]5. ⥭ 㬥
       ணࠬ 㠫쭮
       㯠

  祭 ⥪⮢ 㬥-
⮢,믮  ⮬ 
ࠢ ⮢,।ᬮ७
ᯥ樠 ० ⥭  -
樨  ⥪.  ०
᭮  ᯮ짮 ⠪
뢠 "%  
室  ᮮ⢥騬 -
⠬ 㬥. ભ,
 ० 㤥 㤮  -
  㬥⮬,믮 
ᥬ ࠢ ⮢,..
   ᮮ⢥-
騩 , {Enter
ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  -
襭   ..
  祭  ०
  - -
,㬥 㯥 ⮫쪮
 ⥭.  
 {Ins +{Z  室 
 ०.  

㬥  窨 ७ {Word.
 ⮣  ᫥-
⥫쭮  {H.  
६  
㬥. ।,᪮쪮
ࠧ ᮤন  -
. ⥬ ३  ࠭-
 . ⥭ 㬥
⢫ ⨥ -
 {P.  室  ०
"%  ୮ -
  {Ins +{Z.
 ભ,  ० ࠡ-
⠥   {JAWS for {Windows,
⠪   {NVDA.
           `:::::::::
   樨  㬥
᫥ ᯮ짮 ᫥騥
  ०
"% :
  ३  ᫥饩 ࠬ-
᪮ 訡- {A;
  ३  ।饩 ࠬ-
᪮ 訡- {Shift +{A;
  ३  ᫥饬 -
- {N;
  ३  ᫥饬 ਬ-
- {D;

 {III                       ]37
  ३  ।饬 ਬ-
- {Shift +{D;
  ३  ᫥饬 - {F;
  ३  ।饬 -
{Shift +{F;
  ३  ᫥饬 -
᪮ - {G;
  ३  ।饬 -
᪮ - {Shift +{G;
  ३  ᫥饬 -
- {H;
  ३  ।饬 -
- {Shift +{H;
  ३  ᫥饩 ᭮-
- {O;
  ३  ।饩 ᭮-
- {Shift +{O;
  ३  ᫥ ࠭-
- {Space;
  ३  । ࠭-
- {Back{Space;
   ᫥騩 - {P;
   ।騩 -
{Shift +{P;
  ३  ᫥饬 ࠧ-
- {S;


  ३  ।饬 ࠧ-
- {Shift +{S;
  ३  ᫥饩 䮣-
᪮ 訡- {M;
  ३  ।饩 䮣-
᪮ 訡- {Shift +{M;
  ३  ᫥饬 ࠢ-
- {R;
  ३  ।饬 ࠢ-
- {Shift +{R.
           :::::::::`

]4.]6.  ⥫
       
       {Microsoft {Word

   ]4.]6.]1. 樠쭠 㭪
   ࠡ   
    
ࠡ   . 
易  ᮡ 㭪樮
ணࠬ 㠫쭮 㯠
{JAWS for {Windows.  ᯮ-
 ⮣ 㭪樮 -
筮  㤥 룫拉 
筮 ᪮ . -
쭮  ࠭  ⠭
-०,  짮⥫

 {III                       ]39
ணࠬ {JAWS  ࠡ 
㭪⠬  {Word  宦
  ࠡ   
ᨩ ⮣ ⥪⮢ ।-
.
  ॠ樨 ⮩ 
室 ᤥ ᫥饥:
 ]1.  ணࠬ {JAWS
for {Windows.
 ]2. 맢 ᯨ᮪ ᯥ-
஢ {JAWS   
{Ins +{F]2.
 ]3.  襬 ᯨ᪥ -
 " ஥% (
ᠬ  㭪).
 ]4.  䠩  㬮砭,
  {Ctrl +{Shift +{D.
 ]5.   {Tab,
 "ॢ%,⥬  -
 ५   
"ࠧ%    ५
ࠢ.
 ]6.  ५ ,
㭪 "ᯮ짮 㠫쭮
  %  ⠭ 
 ⬥ 襩 ஡.
  ன ४

믮 ⥬ 稬 짮-
⥫,    -
  묨 ﬨ {Word.
᫨   ⮫쪮 稭
᢮ 㠫 񬮢
ࠡ,   ᢠ
筮    ⢥-
 .

   ]4.]6.]2.  
   ணࠬ 㠫쭮
   㯠
  ࠪ᪮ ࠡ 
  ᫥騥 -
  ணࠬ {JAWS
for {Windows:
           `:::::::::
  {Ins +{V-  
ன;
  {Ctrl +{Ins +]5 (]5  -
⥫쭮 )- 
⥪饥 ;
  {Ins +{Del-  ப 
⮫  樨 ;
  {Alt +{Ctrl +{I- ४
०   ⠢  ;
  {Ctrl +{Ins +{F]4- 
魨 {Office;

 {III                       ]41
  {Ctrl +{Ins +{V- 
 ᯮ㥬 ᨨ
{MS {Word;
  {Ctrl +{Ins +{Home- ॢ
䮪  ࢮ  ;
  {Ins +{F]5- 뢥 ᯨ᮪
;
  {Ctrl +{Ins +{t- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ⠡;
  {Alt +{Shift +{L- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ᫮  訡;
  {Ins +{Shift +{G- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ࠬ᪨ 訡;
  {Ins +{Shift +{R- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ࠢ 㬥;
  {ALT +{Ins +{B- 뢥 ᯨ᮪
;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +{O- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ꥪ⮢,⠪ 
  ⥪⮢ ;
  {Ctrl +{Shift +- -
 ᯨ᮪ ਥ -
४஢;
  {Ins +{Shift +{f- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ᮪᭮  㬥;
  {Ins +{Shift +{e- 뢥
ᯨ᮪ ਬ砭  㬥;

  {Ins +{F]6- 뢥 ᯨ᮪
  㬥;
  {Ins +{F]7- 뢥 ᯨ᮪
뫮  㬥;
  {Ins +{W- 뢥 ᯨ᮪
"%  {Word;
  {Alt +{Shift +{B- 
ࠬ  ⨢ 祩,
⠡,  ࠧ;
  {Alt +{Shift +{C- ८ࠧ-
  ꥪ ᪮
᫮  ꥪ ⥪⮢ ᫮;
  {Ctrl +{ALT +{a-  
;
  {Alt +{Shift +- -
 ਩,뫪  -
 室  樨 ;
  {Alt +{Shift +{e- 
᭮  ਬ砭,뫪 
 室  樨
;
  {Ctrl +{Ins +{R- 
ࠢ,뫪  ஥
室  樨 ;
  {Ins +{ALT +{r- }/-
 ᯮ ࠢ-
, 㬥 室 


 {III                       ]43
室  ⥫쭮 
  ࠧ⪨;
  {Win +窠  ⮩- -
 ਨ,᭮᪨,ਬ-
  ࠢ   -
㠫쭮 ᬮ;
  {F]6- ४ 
묨 ﬨ  ⥪⮬
᭮ 㬥;
  {Ctrl +{Win +{k- 
  㬥;
  {Alt +{Win +{k-  
⬥祭   㬥;
           :::::::::`

   ]4.]6.]3. ࠢ筨
    "稬% 蠬
   ⥪⮢  {Word
           `:::::::::
  맮 ࠢ  室 
-ᠩ {Office.com- {F]1;
  ६饭 ⥪  -
- {F]2;
   ᫥ -
⢨- {F]4;
  롮  ३- {F]5;


  室  ᫥饩 
  ࠬ- {F]6;
  롮  䮣-
{F]7;
  ७ 뤥- {F]8;
   뤥 -
{F]9;
  ⮡ࠦ ᪠ -
{F]10;
  室  ᫥饬 -
{F]11;
  롮  ࠭ -
{F]12;
  뢮 ⥪⭮ ࠢ 
ᢥ  ଠ஢-
{SHIFT +{F]1;
  ஢ ⥪-
{SHIFT +{F]2;
   ॣ 㪢-
{SHIFT +{F]3;
   ⢨  
३- {SHIFT +{F]4;
  室  ᫥ -
- {SHIFT +{F]5;
  室  ।饩 
  ࠬ (᫥ 
 {F]6)- {SHIFT +{F]6;


 {III                       ]45
  롮   (-
 業஢,㯯 ࠢ-
ᠭ)- {SHIFT +{F]7;
  襭 뤥-
{SHIFT +{F]8;
  ४祭  
   祭ﬨ-
{SHIFT +{F]9;
  뢮 ⥪⭮ -
{SHIFT +{F]10;
  室  ।饬 -
{SHIFT +{F]11;
  ࠭- {SHIFT +{F]12;
  뢠  뢠
- {CTRL +{F]1;
  ।⥫ ᬮ-
{CTRL +{F]2;
    -
{CTRL +{F]3;
  ⨥ - {CTRL +{F]4;
  室  ᫥饬 -
{CTRL +{F]6;
  ⠢ ⮣ -
{CTRL +{F]9;
  뢠  㬥-
{CTRL +{F]10;
  ஢ - {CTRL +{F]11;

  롮  -
{CTRL +{F]12;
  ⠢ ᮤন -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]3;
   -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]5;
  室  ।饬 -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]6;
   易 
 室 㬥 {Word-
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]7;
  ७ 뤥
ࠣ  -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]8;
   裡  -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]9;
  ⨥ ஢ -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]11;
  - {CTRL +{SHIFT +{F]12;
  室  ᫥饬 -
{ALT +{F]1;
    ⠭⭮
- {ALT +{F]3;
  室  {Word- {ALT +{F]4;
  ⠭ ० ࠧ-
஢  ணࠬ- {ALT +{F]5;



 {III                       ]47
  室  ⮣ -
  ⭮  㬥-
{ALT +{F]6;
   ᫥饩 䮣-
᪮  ࠬ᪮ 訡-
{ALT +{F]7;
   - {ALT +{F]8;
  ४祭  
    祭ﬨ-
{ALT +{F]9;
  ⮡ࠦ  
뤥- {ALT +{F]10;
  ⮡ࠦ  {Microsoft
{Visual {Basic- {ALT +{F]11;
  室  ।饬 -
{ALT +{SHIFT +{F]1;
  롮  ࠭-
{ALT +{SHIFT +{F]2;
  ⨢  
{GOTOBUTTON  {MACROBUTTON
   祭ﬨ-
{ALT +{SHIFT +{F]9;
  뢮   ᮮ饭
 㯭 ⢨-
{ALT +{SHIFT +{F]10;



  롮   
⥩ ,᫨
⥩ ⨢-
{ALT +{SHIFT +{F]12;
  뢮 ᢥ  ⥬-
{CTRL +{ALT +{F]1;
  - {CTRL +{ALT +{F]2;
  ⨥  ᪠-
{CTRL +{F;
   ⥪,ଠ஢ 
ᯥ樠 - {CTRL +{H;
  室  ࠭,,
᭮᪥,⠡,ਬ砭,-
  㣨 ⠬ 㬥-
{CTRL +{G;
  ६饭  ᫥
 ⠬ ᥭ -
- {ALT +{CTRL +{Z;
  室  ० ୮-
{ALT +{CTRL +{N;
  室  ० -
{ALT +{CTRL +{O.







 {III                       ]49
     騥 ⠭ 
     ⭮ ⮫쪮  ०
     
  襭 ஢ -
{ALT +{SHIFT + ;
   ஢ -
{ALT +{SHIFT + ;
  ८ࠧ   ᭮-
 ⥪- {CTRL +{SHIFT +{N;
  ७ 뤥 楢
- {ALT +{SHIFT +
;
  ६饭 뤥 楢
- {ALT +{SHIFT +
;
  뢠 ⥪ 
- {ALT +{SHIFT +;
  뢠 ⥪  -
- {ALT +{SHIFT +;
  뢠  뢠
ᥣ ⥪   -
- {ALT +{SHIFT +{A.

     ⠢ ᯥ樠 
  - {CTRL +{F]9;
   ப-
{SHIFT +{Enter;

   ࠭-
{CTRL +{Enter;
   ⮫-
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{Enter;
   -
{ALT +{CTRL + ( ஢
);
  ⪮ - {CTRL +
( ஢ );
   ७- {CTRL +;
  ࠧ뢭 -
{CTRL +{SHIFT +;
  ࠧ뢭 ஡-
{CTRL +{SHIFT +;
   ᪮ ࠢ-
{ALT +{CTRL +{C;
   ࠭塞 ⮢୮
- {ALT +{CTRL +{R;
   ⮢୮ -
{ALT +{CTRL +{T;
  稥-
{ALT +{CTRL +.
           :::::::::`






 {III                       ]51

             ]5
             
     ஭묨 ⠡栬
        {Microsoft {Excel
         ணࠬ
          {JAWS  {NVDA

]5.]1.   ।஢
       

   ]5.]1.]1. 騥 ᢥ
    {Excel
  ࠪ⨪ 筮 
室 ࠡ  ⮫쪮 
⥪⮢ ଠ樥,   -
ଠ樥,।⠢  ⠡-
筮 ଥ.  ࠡ  ⠡-
筮 ମ ଠ樨 ।-
祭 ணࠬ {Excel,室-
,  {Word,  
ணࠬ. {Excel  뢠
⠡ ஬,ન-
 ⨬ 쬠 ப ᯥ
   । ࠡ-
 ⠡筮 ଠ樨.  
    ࠡ

 뢠 
{Excel ]2016  ணࠬ -
쭮 㯠  ଠ樨
{JAWS for {Windows  {NVDA.
  ⠡ 
{Excel  ᪮쪨 ᯮ-
,ਬ:
 ]1.   몠  "-
祬 ⮫% ( ।⥫-
 室 ᮧ). 
 {Win +{D, ३ 
"稩 ⮫%,  -
 ५   -
ࠬ {Excel    
 {Enter.
 ]2.   " %
樮 ⥬. 
 {Win,䮪  
 ।஢. 筨
  ணࠬ
"{Excel%,樮 ⥬
᪠ 砭 ,-
᫥ 祣   {Enter.
     
।஢,, ५-
 ,   ᯨ᪥ -
ࠬ  ⠪  {Enter.


 {III                       ]53
  ,  ⥪⮢ -
 {Word, ⠡筮
 {Excel ࣠ 
 . ⮡   
 ࠡ祥 ࠭⢮,
  {CTRL +{F]1.
⮡ ᭮ ⮡ࠧ ,
 ࠧ    .
    {Word,  -
  {Excel  
ᯮᮡ:
 ]1.  室  ᭮
,  {ALT 
묨 ५ 롥
㦭 . ⮡ ६-
   ,
  . ணࠬ
㠫쭮 㯠 {JAWS
 {NVDA ந: "
%.    ᯨ᪥
  .
 ]2. ࠧ  ।񭭮 -
    ३,-
짮   "
㯠%.
   ⮣ ᯮ 
᫥騩 ᯨ᮪ .

           `:::::::::
  {ALT +- ⨥ "魨%
    ᫮ ᪠
 祭   ᪠
ࠢ.
  {ALT +- ⨥ ࠭
"%  ᯮ짮 ।⠢-
 {Backstage.
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"%  ଠ஢ ⥪-
  ᥫ  ᯮ짮
㬥 ᪠.
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"⠢%  ⠢ ᢮ ⠡-
,ࠬ,஥,ᯠફ-
,㭪,䨣,
 ᥩ.
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"⪠ ࠭%  ࠡ
 ⥬,ࠬࠬ ࠭,
⠡  ࠢ.
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"%  ⠢,᫥-
  ன 㭪権  -
.
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"%  祭  -
, ஢,䨫樨,

 {III                       ]55
  믮 㣨 -
⢨.
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"業஢%  ஢ન
䮣䨨, ਬ砭
  ⮢  .
  {ALT +- ⨥ 
"%  ᬮ ࠧ뢮
࠭,롮 ० ᬮ-
,⮡ࠦ   
⪨  ,
⠡,ࠢ  
ﬨ, ⠪ ᬮ
ᮢ.
           :::::::::`
`   ,  -
`   
`  ᯮ ᪨
` 㪢.
|   㬥 ⠡筮
|  {Microsoft {Excel
| 뢠 , 䠩 
|   ७
| }xlsX.   ⮨ 
|   ᪮쪨 ⮢.
|  ࠧ  ⮫,-
| 㥬 ⨭᪨ 㪢,

|  ப,㬥㥬 ࠡ᪨
| ࠬ.  祭 ⮫-
|   ப 室 祩,
| ⠪ ࠧ 祩 砥
| ᢮   ⮫  -
| , 祭  
| 室.
 ਬ,祩  
 {A]1 (  祩
 )  {C]100.
|  祩- ᭮ 
| ⠡.  祩 
|      -
| ⪨.  ⨨  
|  ५ ⢫
| 室   ᨬ, 
| 祩.
  ᮧ  {Excel ]2016
   ⮫쪮 
.  ।  ⠡-
筮    뫮
 .  ࠡ  ணࠬ-
 {JAWS   ⮢
   २ -
 㤮 ᯮ짮
 {Ins +{Shift +{S. 
஥ ⨪ ᯨ᮪
 ࠢ ⠬.

 {III                       ]57
६   ᫥
⨪묨 ५, 롨-
 㦭  襩
{Enter.

   ]5.]1.]2. 
    ।஢ 
  祩 ࠡ祣  {Excel
 ᮤঠ ᠬ ࠧ-
 ଠ: ⥪,᫠,-
,,㫠,㭪. 
ࠢ쭮 ⮡ࠦ 
室 ⠭ ᮮ-
騩 ଠ 祥. 
㬮砭  祩 
ଠ "騩%.  ଠ
祩    -
࠭筮  "ଠ
祥%, 뢠 १
⥪⭮   -
  {Ctrl +]1.
    ଠ樨 
祩 ⠭   䮪 
ࠩ 㦭   -
   ࠩ᪮ -
. ⮡ ।஢ 㦥
 ,室

।⥫쭮  
{F]2, ஥  ।
 ⮡ࠦ   ᮤন
⨢ 祩.  ⮬ 
 짮 ᥬ -
 쭮 ।஢
⥪.
`   ,  -
`   ଠ 祩
` "騩%  ਢ  -
` ࠢ쭮 ࠡ ⠡.
` ࠩ ⠭ -
`  祥,ᮮ⢥騩 ⥬
` ,   
` ⮡ࠦ.
   {Excel -
  ᢮ ᥭ 讥 -
⢮ ।,
 . ਬ,᫨ -
室   ᪮쪮 祥
    ⥪, 祩
᫥ 뤥,⥬, ᭨
뤥,  
㦭 ⥪   
 {Ctrl +{Enter.  
 뤥 祥 
࠭ ⥪.


 {III                       ]59
   㣨 
 ,⠪  ଠ
,⮧  . 
 ᬮ  ᠬ⥫-
,ᯮ ਮ -
  ଠ  樠쭮
ᠩ  {Microsoft.
           `:::::::::
  ਢ ᪮쪮 -
  ⠡筮 
{Excel,   -
  ࠡ:
  {ALT +{Enter- 室  
ப  祩;
  {SHIFT +{Enter- 襭
  ⥪饩 祩  室
 祩 ;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +: (稥)-
⠢ ⥪饣 ६;
  {CTRL +; (窠  ⮩)-
⠢ ⥪饩 ;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT ++ ()-
⠢  祥  
  "⠢%;
  {CTRL +- ()- 뢮 -
  "%  㤠-
 뤥 祥;

  {CTRL +{Y- ७ ᫥-
   ⢨,᫨
 ;
  {CTRL +{Z- ⬥ ᫥
⢨.
           :::::::::`

:::::     ::::
  ]1.  祣 ।祭
ணࠬ {Excel?
  ]2.    ⠡-
  {Excel?
  ]3.  ࣠ 
{Excel?
  ]4.   ⢫
    {Excel?
  ]5.  뢠 㬥
⠡筮  {Excel?
  ]6.   ⮫,
ப  祩 ⠡?
  ]7. 祬 㦭 롨
ଠ 祩?
  ]8.    -
 ⥪  ᪮쪮 祥 ⠡-
 {Excel?
  ]9.  ।஢ ଠ-
  祩 {Excel?


 {III                       ]61
  ]10.   -
 ⠡筮  {Excel
 ?

]5.]2.   ⠡

   ]5.]2.]1. ० 室
   " %
 ᬮਬ ᯥ᪨ 
⠡筮  {Excel
० 室 " %. -
砥  몫砥  ०
襩 {End. ᫥ 祭
० 室 " % -
 ⢫ ᫥騬
ࠧ:
 ]1. ᫨  ࠢ -
饭 (,,ࠢ 
)   祩,
  ५  ⮬ -
ࠢ ६ 䮪 
ࢮ ⮩ 祩.
 ]2. ᫨  祥 ,
  ५ ६
䮪  ᫥ ( )
祩 ⮫ ( ப) 
ᨬ  ⮣,

  ५ .
  室 " % 몫-
砥 ⮬᪨ ᫥ -
   ५. -
 ᭮   {END
। ⨥ ᫥饩 
 ५.   ०
, ⮡ࠦ  ப
ﭨ.
 ୠ  {CTRL}
+{END ६頥 䮪  ᫥-
 祩  ,ᯮ-
  ᠬ  ᯮ㥬
ப ࠩ ࠢ ᯮ-
㥬 ⮫. 祭 ०-
 室 " %  ⮬
砥  ந室.
 ᫨  室  ப
,ୠ 
{CTRL +{END ६頥  
 ⥪.

   ]5.]2.]2.  樨
    ⠡
 ਢ ᯨ᮪ ᭮ -
  樨 
⠡:


 {III                       ]63
           `:::::::::
  {TAB- 室  ᫥饩
祩 ;
  {SHIFT +{TAB- 室  ।-
饩 祩 ;
   - 室  
祩 ;
   - 室  
祩 ;
   - 室  
祩 ;
   - 室 
 祩 ࠢ;
  {CTRL +  ५-
室   ⥪饩 
;
  {HOME +{SCROLL {LOCK- 
񭭮 ० {SCROlL {LOCK
室  祩   孥
㣫 ;
  {HOME- 室  砫
ப;
  {CTRL +{HOME- 室  砫
 (  孨 㣮);
  {PAGE {DOWN- 室  
࠭ ;


  {PAGE {UP- 室  
࠭ ;
  {CTRL +{PAGE {DOWN- 室 
᫥騩   ;
  {CTRL +{PAGE {UP- 室 
।騩   ;
  {ALT +{PAGE {DOWN- 室 
 ࠭ ࠢ  ;
  {ALT +{PAGE {UP- 室 
 ࠭   .
           :::::::::`
  ண 室  㦭
祩  ᯮ짮 
"室%.   맮 ᫥-
 ᯮ짮 襩
{F]5  ⠭ 
{Ctrl +{g.  襬 
   㦭 祩
   {Enter. 
⮬᪨ ३  㪠-
 祩. ⮩ 
㤮 짮  室
 񪨥 祩 ⠡.

:::::     ::::
  ]1. ᪠  ࠡ⠥
० 室 " %?


 {III                       ]65
  ]2. 㤠 ६頥 䮪
 {Ctrl +{End?
  ]3. ᪠  
樨  ⠡ {Excel 
.
  ]4.   ६ -
 ࠧ   祩?

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1. 믨  ࠤ ᭮-
  ⠡筮 -
 {Excel  쬥 
᭥   .
  ]2.  ணࠬ {Excel
 ᮧ ,࠭  
 "{D:%   "⠡_
]1.}xlsx%.  ⮩  ᮧ
   "ᯨᠭ% 
"%,   -
  "᮪ 㤭%.
  ]3.   樨
 ᭮ ⠬ ⠡.
  ]4. ன  ⠡
{Excel  ࠦ  -
짮  樨.


]5.]3. ଠ஢ ⠡

   ]5.]3.]1. 뤥 
   祥
   ,
ॡ 뤥 㯯 祥.
ਬ, ஢ 
६饭   ,-
஥ ࠬ  䨪
 ..
           `:::::::::
   뤥 뢭
 祥 ᯮ
  ,
 ᯮ㥬 
뤥  ⥪ 
{Microsoft {Word:
  {SHIFT +⨪ ५-
뤥 祥,ᯮ 
 ⮫;
  {SHIFT +ਧ⠫ ५-
- 뤥 祥,ᯮ-
   ப;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +५ -
뤥 ⮫  ⥪饩
祩   ⮫;


 {III                       ]67
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +५ -
뤥 ⮫  ⥪饩
祩  砫 ⮫;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +५ ࠢ-
뤥 ப  ⥪饩 祩-
   ப;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +५ -
뤥 ப  ⥪饩 祩-
  砫 ப;
  {CTRL +{A- 뤥 ᥣ
.
    {Excel   ᮡ
    뤥 
   祥:
  {CTRL +஡- 뤥
⮫ 楫;
  {SHIFT +஡- 뤥
ப 楫;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +]8- 뤥
뢭  
祥  ⥪饩 祩.
           :::::::::`
|   , ⨢-
|  祩 ᥣ 
| 뤥.
  뤥  祥
ணࠬ 㠫쭮 㯠

ᮮ頥 न 孥
  ࠢ  㣫
뤥 אַ㣮쭮 -
.
 ⮡ 㧭  뤥-
 祥   {JAWS,᫥-
 ᯮ짮 ୮
 {INS +{SHIFT +५
.
  뤥 뢭
אַ㣮 ⥩ ᫥
㯠  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
᫥騬 ⬮:
 ]1.  䮪  
孨 㣮 뤥塞 
(ਬ, 祩 {C]3).
 ]2. ন ⮩ 
{SHIFT, ५ ,
  㤥 ⨣ 
뤥塞 ப (ਬ,
祩 {C]6).
 ]3. த 㤥ন -
⮩  {SHIFT,
५ ࠢ,  㤥
⨣ ᠬ ࠢ ⮫
뤥塞  (ਬ,
祩 {E]6).


 {III                       ]69
`  ᫥ 襭 뤥
`   䠢⭮--
` ஢   
` ६饭 䮪.  -
` ⨨     뤥-
`  ய,   
`  ய   
` 뤥 .
   室
뤥 ᪮쪮 ப 
⮫殢, 묨 
㣨 , 뤥
  (ਬ,㦭 뤥
ன,  ᥤ쬮
⮫ ன ⠡). 
⮣ ᫥ 㯠  ᮮ-
⢨  ᫥騬 -
:
 ]1.  ० 뤥,
  {F]8.
 ]2. ᯮ  -
樨,뤥  .
 , 
{SHIFT 㤥ন  .
 ]3.  뤥 ࢮ
 ୮ 
{SHIFT +{F]8.

 ]4. ॢ 䮪  砫
㣮 ,饩 뤥-
.  ⮬ 뤥  -
   ய.
 ]5.  蠣 ]1- ]3 
뤥 ᫥饩 .
 ]6.  ० 뤥,
  {SHIFT +{F]8.
  , ᫥
⮣  ⪥ ६
䮪 뤥 ய ࠧ
  뤥 ⥩.

   ]5.]3.]2. ଠ஢
   祥
 ᬮਬ  ஡ -
楤  ଠ 祩.
,ਬ,室 -
   祥 ⮫ {A
ଠ "%.  ⮣ 
ᯮ짮 ᫥騩 :
 ]1. 뤥 ⮫ {A  -
  {CTRL +஡.
 ]2. 맢  "ଠ
祥%   
{CTRL +]1. ⨢ 
 "᫮%.


 {III                       ]71
 ]3.   "᫮%,
 {TAB,३  ᯨ
ଠ⮢ ,ᯮ ⨪-
 ५, ଠ "%.
 ]4.   {Tab,३
  "%  ⨪묨
५   ᯨ᪠
 ⨯ ।⠢ ,
ਬ, ⥪⮢ ।⠢-
  .
 ]5. ⢥न ⠭
ࠬ ⨥ 
{ENTER.
     祩
⮫ {A -  
 ]01.]01.]2020  㡥,
  㤥 ।⠢ 
 ଠ.
`   , ⥯
`  ⪥  ᥫ 
` 祩 ⮫ {A {Excel -
`   ஢
`   .
  ⢥   ਬ
ᯮ짮  "ଠ
祥% ᬮਬ  -
 祥  ࠢ

  ⥪.
 ,ਬ,室 -
 祩 {A]1,{B]1  {C]1
 . ᫥ 믮 ⮩
樨  祩 ᮫ 
 ,.. ࠭ 
 祧.
 ਢ  믮
⮩ 樨:
 ]1. 뤥 祩 {A]1,{B]1
 {C]1 ( ⮬,  ᤥ,
뫮 ᪠ ).
 ]2. 맢  "ଠ
祥%  {CTRL +]1.
 ]3. ୮ ५ ࠢ
  {CTRL +{TAB ३
  "ࠢ%.
 ]4. ६   -
襩 {TAB, ஢
ᯨ᮪ " ਧ⠫%  -
묨 ५  -
 " 業%.
 ]5. 襩 {TAB ३ 
஢ ᯨ " -
⨪%  묨 ५
 祭 " 業%.
 ]6. த ६
襩 {TAB, 䫠

 {III                       ]73
"ꥤ 祥%  ⠭
 襩 ஡.
 ]7.  믮 -
樨 ⨥  {ENTER.
   祩 ꥤ 
  ଠ,  
 祩,㤥 業-
  ⨪   -
⠫.
`   , -
`   祩  ࠢ-
`   ⮫쪮  ਧ-
`  (  ⥪⮢ ।-
` ),   ⨪,..
`  孥   ࠭-
` 栬 祩.
  ଠ஢ 
ᯮ  "%
⮣   "ଠ 祥%.
  ୮ 
{CTRL +{SHIFT +{F  
  ⠪,⮡ 䮪 -
 ࠧ   "%.
  ਢ ᯨ᮪ 
 ⠡筮 
{Excel,   -
  ଠ஢ 祥:

           `:::::::::
  {CTRL +]1- 맮 
 "ଠ 祥%;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +{F- ଠ-
 ⮢   -
  "ଠ 祥%;
  {CTRL +} ( )-
४祭  뢮 
 祭 祥  ;
  {CTRL +{I- ਬ  㤠-
 ᨢ ⠭;
  {CTRL +{B- ਬ  㤠-
 㦨୮ ⠭;
  {CTRL +{U- ન ⥪-
  㤠 ન;
  {CTRL +]5- ਬ  㤠-
 ન;
  {CTRL +]9- ⨥ 뤥
ப;
  {CTRL +]0- ⨥ 뤥
⮫殢;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +? (⨫줠)-
ਬ 饣 ᫮
ଠ;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +^d ()-
ਬ  ଠ 
 묨  (-
⥫ ᫠ ⮡ࠦ

 {III                       ]75
 㣫 ᪮);
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +]% (業)-
ਬ 業⭮ ଠ
 ஡ ;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +[. (誠)-
ਬ ᯮ樠쭮
᫮ ଠ   -
묨 ;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +^n (⪠)-
ਬ ଠ   㪠-
 ,  ;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +@ (ᮡ)-
ਬ ଠ ६ 
⮡ࠦ ᮢ   
ᠬ {AM  {PM;
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +! (᪫-
⥫ )- ਬ ᫮-
 ଠ   묨
,ࠧ⥫ ࠧ冷 
  (-)  ⥫-
 祭.
           :::::::::`

:::::     ::::
  ]1.   뤥 -
뢭  祥  {Excel?


  ]2.  뤥 楫 ⮫-
  ப  {Excel?
  ]3. ᪠   뤥-
 ᪮쪮 ⤥ -
⥩ ⠡ {Excel?
  ]4.    뤥?
  ]5. ᪠   -
 ࠭ ଠ  
祩 ன ?
  ]6. ᪠   -
 ᪮쪮 祥?
  ]7.  ஢ ⥪ 
祩?
  ]8.  ଠ஢ ᨬ-
  祩 ⠡?
  ]9.   
{Excel  ଠ஢ 
?

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1. 믨  ࠤ -
    "ଠ
祥%    
 "ࠢ%.
  ]2.  ⠡,ᮧ 
믮 ।饣 ,

 {III                       ]77
  "ᯨ᮪ 㤭%
 ⮫ {A   祩
 䠬 (諥)
㤭  ࣠樨,
⮫ {B   ப 
,  ⮫ {C ⢠.
뤥 ⮫쪮 䠬 -
  쥩   
᪮   ⮫ {F (-
஢  ⠢ ࠣ⮢
⢫ ⠭ -
). 뤥 ⮫쪮  -
 䠬  ⢠ (
   뤥)  㤠-
 .
  ]3.  ⠡,ᮧ 
믮 । ࠦ-
,  "᮪ 㤭-
%  ᢥ  -
,ꥤ    
祩   㤠 
"᮪ 㤭%,஢
      孥-
 .   "%
 ⥪   祩
᪮쪨 ⮫殢   
⮫ ⠭ ᢮ ⨯

⮡ࠦ . 쪮 -
 ⮫殢,⮡ ᯮ짮-
  ⨯?

]5.]4.   㭪樨

   ]5.]4.]1. 
  ⫨稥  ᪨ ⠡-
,ᮧ ⥪⮢ -
஬ {Microsoft {Word,⠡-
 {Excel  -
᪨.    ଠ樨
⮬᪨ ந ࠧ-
 ᫥  ࠡ⪠
.
 {Excel-    ⠡
  ᥫ.   
 㬬  ப  ⮫-
, ⥦  -
, ⥬᪨  -
   室 -
  ਠ,-
騥   ६
祭.  {Excel   ॠ-
    
祩.  ⨬ 㫠 믮-
 ᫥  㣨 -
⢨  묨  .

 {III                       ]79
㫠 ᥣ 稭 
 ࠢ⢠ "=%, ᫥ -
ண   ᫠,⥬-
᪨  (ਬ,
 "+%  "-%  ᫮ 
⠭)  ஥ 㭪樨
{Excel,⥫쭮 騥
 .
 㫠  ᮤঠ ᫥-
騥 :
 ]1. 㭪樨. ਬ,㭪
ᥣ()- 頥 ᥣ-
 .
 ]2. 뫪. ਬ,{A]2 -
頥 祭 祩 {A]2.
 ]3. ⠭. ᫠  ⥪-
⮢ 祭, -
।⢥   (-
 ]2).
 ]4. . ਬ,-
 "[.% (誠) ਬ
  ᫠  ⥯,
 "*% (񧤮窠)-  㬭-
.
 ⠭ ।⠢ ᮡ
⮢ ( 塞) -
,஥ ᥣ 

. ਬ,
]09.]10.]2008, ᫮ ]210 
⥪ "ਡ  ⠫% -
 ⠭⠬. ࠦ 
 祭 ⠭⠬  -
.
 ᫨ 㫠  祩 ᮤন
⠭,  뫪  㣨
祩 (ਬ, 
=]30 +]70 +]110),祭  -
 祩  ⮫쪮
᫥ ।஢ .
  ⠪ ⠭
 ⤥ 祩,  
㤥    -
,  㫠 ᯮ짮-
 뫪   祩.
    -
᪨ ⢨,ந
 ⠬ .  {Excel
ᮡ  冷 -
᫥:
   ᪮,
     ⥯,
   㬭  
     ,,
   ᫮  ⠭.


 {III                       ]81

   ]5.]4.]2. 䬥᪨
   
|  䬥᪨  -
|   믮 
| 䬥᪨ 権,⠪
|  ᫮,⠭,㬭-
|   . ⮬
| 権  ᫠.
           `:::::::::
  ਢ ᯨ᮪ 䬥᪨
஢:
  `+ ()- ;
  `- ()- ⠭;
  `* (񧤮窠)- ;
  `}/ ( )- ;
  `]% ( 業)- 業;
  `[. (誠)-  
⥯.
           :::::::::`
 ஬ 䬥᪨ -
஢  {Excel  
 ࠢ,
ꥤ ⥪  뫪.
 -  ࠢ ᯮ-
  ࠢ  -
. ⮬ ਬ

⮣   -
᪮ 祭:   .
 ஢ ࠢ ᥣ
:
   `=- ࠢ;
   `o- ;
   `- ;
   `=-   ࠢ;
   `=-   ࠢ;
   `-  ࠢ.
 -  ꥤ ⥪-
 `} (ᠭ) ᯮ
 ꥤ (ᮥ) -
᪮쪨 ⥪⮢ ப  .
ਬ,१⮬ 
   ="%}"% 㤥
   "ப%.
 ᫨  祩 {A]1 
"%,  {B]1 "%,㫠
   ={A]1}", %}{B]1 
   ", %.

   ]5.]4.]3.  祥
  । 뫮  -
 祥  ᯮ짮
:
  `: (稥)-  -
, ࠧ 

 {III                       ]83
뫪   祩,室騥
 ࢮ  ᫥ 祩-
 ,  祩-
. ਬ,{B]5:{B]15 㪠
  祩  {b]5  {b]15
⥫쭮;
  `; (窠  ⮩)- ꥤ-
 ᪮쪮 뫮  .
ਬ, =({B]5:{B]15;
{D]5:{D]15) ᫨ 㬬 
]22- 祥  {b]5  {b]15 
 {d]5  {d]15.

   ]5.]4.]4. 㭪樨
|  㭪樨 ।⠢ ᮡ
| ࠭ । ,
| 믮騥 ᫥  -
| 묨 稭- 㬥-
| ⠬.
 ⮡ ᬮ  ᯨ᮪
㯭 㭪権, -
  {SHIFT +{F]3.
஥  
"⠢ 㭪樨%.
   "⠢ 㭪-
樨% 頥  ,ᮤ-
 㭪.  롮

㭪樨   "⠢ 㭪-
樨% {Excel ᪠ 
㭪権.   ᫥ 
㭪樨,  㬥,-
 㭪樨   㬥.
   㭪権  ᫥-
 ਤন ᫥饣
浪 :
 ]1.  ࠢ⢠ "=%.
 ]2.  㭪樨 (᪨ -
).
 ]3. 뢠 㣫 ᪮.
 ]4. ᮪ 㬥⮢,ࠧ-
 窠  ⮩.
 ]5. 뢠 㣫 ᪮.
 ᯮ㥬 㬥 
 ⨬  
祭.  ⢥ 㬥⮢
 㯠 뫪  祩-
,⠭,  㣨
㭪樨.
  㭪樨,ᠭ  訡-
,ਬ =({A]1:{A]10)
 =({A]1:{A]10),
訡 "^n?%.
     -
ॡ ᯮ짮 㭪
 ⢥   㬥⮢

 {III                       ]85
㣮 㭪樨.  㭪-
,ᯮ㥬  ⢥
㬥, 
ᮮ⢥騩 ⮬ 㬥
⨯ . ਬ,᫨ -
   ᪨,
..  祭  
, 㭪 
 ᪮ 祭.
 ⨢ 砥 {Excel 뤠
訡 "^n!%.
  㫠  ᯮ짮
 ᥬ ஢  㭪-
権.

   ]5.]4.]5. ᯮ짮
   뫮  㫠
 뫪 㪠뢠  祩 
 祥   ᮮ頥
{Excel, 室 室
㫥 祭  . 
 뫮  ᯮ짮-
   㫥 ,-
室騥  ࠧ  ,
 ⠪ ᯮ짮 祭
 祩  ᪮쪨 -
㫠.   뫪

 祩 ࠧ ⮢ 
   祩  㣨
.
|  뫪  祩 㣨 
| 뢠 ﬨ  -
|  뫪.
  㬮砭 {Excel ᯮ
⨫ 뫮, ஬ ⮫
 ⨭᪨ 㪢,
 ப- ࠬ.
 ⭮⥫쭠 뫪  㫥,
ਬ {A]1,᭮  ⭮-
⥫쭮 樨 祩,ᮤ-
饩 , 祩, -
 㪠뢠 뫪.  -
 樨 祩,ᮤঠ饩
,  뫪. 
஢   ப
  ⮫殢 뫪 ⮬-
᪨ ४.  㬮-
砭   㫠 ᯮ-
 ⭮⥫ 뫪.
ਬ, ஢ ⭮-
⥫쭮 뫪  祩 {B]2 
祩 {B]3  ⮬᪨
  ={A]1  ={A]2.
 ᮫⭠ 뫪  祩 
㫥,ਬ, ^d{A^d]1

 {III                       ]87
ᥣ 뫠  祩,-
  ।񭭮 .
|    樨 祩,
| ᮤঠ饩 ,᮫⭠
| 뫪  .  -
| ஢   ப 
| ⮫栬 ᮫⭠ 뫪 
| ४.
  ᯮ짮 ᮫
뫮  ᯮ짮 
 (^d). ਬ, -
஢ ᮫⭮ 뫪 
祩 {B]2  祩 {B]3 
 ०   祩-
: =^d{A^d]1.
|  蠭 뫪 ᮤন
|  ᮫ ⮫  -
| ⥫ ப, -
|  ப  ⭮⥫
| ⮫.
 ᮫⭠ 뫪 ⮫殢 -
⠥  ^d{A]1,^d{B]1
 .. ᮫⭠ 뫪 ப
ਮ⠥  {A^d]1,{B^d]1
 ..
   樨 祩,
ᮤঠ饩 ,⭮⥫쭠

뫪 , ᮫⭠
.
|  嬥 뫪 ᯮ-
|      
|  ⮩  祩  
| 祥  ᪮쪨 
|  . 嬥ୠ 뫪
| ᮤন 뫪  祩 
| ,। ன 㪠-
|   ⮢.
  {Excel ᯮ  -
,㪠  砫
    뫪.
ਬ,㫠
   =(]2:]13!{B]5)
㬬  祭,ᮤঠ-
騥  祩 {B]5   -
    ]2 
]13 ⥫쭮.
|    㫮 㤠
|  १  ᫥.
   , 㤠 ᠬ
,⠢  ⮬ १-
  ᫥   -
  祩.  ⮣ ᫥
㯠 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
 ]1. 뤥 祩  -
 祥  㫮.

 {III                       ]89
 ]2. ஢ 뤥
   ୮
 {CTRL +{C.
 ]3.  ⥪⭮  
 "樠쭠 ⠢-
...%.
 ]4.  襬  -
 ࠤ "祭%.
 ᫥ 믮  ⢨
 祩 ⠭ ⮫쪮 -
 , ᠬ 㫠 㤥
㤠.
   ᫥ 
  ࠭
訡,᪠  
, ⠪ ᯮᮡ 
 ᮢ襭.
 ]1. ,  뢠-
騥  뢠騥 ᪮ 
㫥 ᮣᮢ,.. 
 뢠饩 ᪮ ᮮ-
 뢠.
 ]2.  㪠 
ᯮ 稥.
 ]3.  易⥫ -
.  㭪樨  
易⥫  易⥫

㬥 (᫥ 
 ᨭ⠪   ᪮-
).
 ]4.    ⮢ -
祭   窨. ᫨
 ⮢  , 祩
  뫠 㫠,-
ঠ 㪢 ᨬ,
㦭    -
窨 ().
 ]5.    譨 -
. 譨 뫪  -
ঠ      .
 ]6. ᫠   ଠ-
஢.   ᥫ  -
  㪠뢠  -
,⠪   ᯮ
 祭 ᮫
뫮.

:::::     ::::
  ]1.  ⫨ ᪨
⠡  ᪨?
  ]2.    
 ⠡筮  {Excel?
  ]3.    
稭 㫠  {Excel?


 {III                       ]91
  ]4.    -
ঠ 㫠 {Excel?
  ]5.  ⠪ ⠭?
  ]6.  䬥᪨ -
  ?
  ]7.  ⠪  ࠢ-
?
  ]8.  ࠡ⠥ 
ꥤ?
  ]9.  ࣠ 뫪
  祥?
  ]10.  ⠪ 㭪樨 
{Excel? ਢ ਬ.
  ]11.  ᬮ ᯨ᮪
 㭪権 {Excel?
  ]12.  ᫥ 
㭪  {Excel?
  ]13.  ⠪ 뫪?
  ]14.  뢠 뫪 
祩 㣨 ?
  ]15.  ⫨ ᮫
 ⭮⥫ 뫪?
  ]16.  ᮧ ᮫
뫪?





xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1. 믨  ࠤ 
⥣ਨ,  ࠧ
㭪樨 {Excel.
  ]2.  ⠡, ன
 ⮫ {A  ᫥
 - , 
⮫ {B- 祭 ।-
筮 ⥬.  -
⢥騥 ⨯  祩-
   ⮫.  
ꥤ  ࠢ 祥
ᮧ  "-
 ⨪%.  ⠡
᫨ । ⥬-
.
  ]3. ࠡ⠩ ⠡,
ன  祩 {b]3,{b]4
 {b]5  樥
⭮ ࠢ,  祩-
 {b]1  {b]2  
୨. ன 祩  ஬-
묨 ᫥ﬨ.



 {III                       ]93

]5.]5. ࠬ  䨪

   ]5.]5.]1. 䨪
   {Excel
।⠢ ⠪  室-
 㭪樮  ஥
ࠬ  䨪.  -
஥ 䨪 ன 㭪-
樨 室 믮 ᫥-
騥 蠣:
 ]1.   ।
 㭪樨.  ⮣  
砫쭮 祩 , -
஬  室 祭
㬥 㭪樨, ࢮ
祭 ᨬ 㬥,
   ⠫
祩   䬥᪮
ணᨨ.
 ]2.   祭
 㭪樨.  ⮣ ᫥-
  砫쭮 祩 ,
।祭  ࠭
 祭, 
   祭.  
⠫ 祩  -

 ࠭  
  ᯥ樠쭮 ⠢.
 ]3. ந 䨪.  ⮣
᫥ 뤥 ,ᮤ-
騩   । 
 祭, ⥬ -
짮 㯯 "ࠬ%
  "⠢%  .
   "⠢ -
ࠬ% ᫥   "
ࠬ%   ᯨ᪠
 "䨪%.
 ,ਬ,室 -
ந 䨪 㭪樨
   {Y =X/: +]2  १
   -]5;]5.
  ⮣  㯠 
᫥饬 :
 ]1.   ⮫ {A
祭 㬥  -
 ]0,1.  ⮣  祩
{A]1 室 㪠 砫-
 祭 -]5,  ⥬ -
짮 䬥᪮ -
ᨥ  蠣 ]0,1  ।-
 祭 ]5.  ࠧ,
 {A]1:{A]101 㤥 -
 祭ﬨ 㬥 {X.

 {III                       ]95
 ]2.  祩 {B]1  -
 ={A]1[.]3 +]2  -
  㭪樨.
 ]3. ஢   
ᮤন 祩 {B]1 ,
 {F]5,  
 "室%.  ⮬ 
㦭 㪠 
{B]1:{B]101  ࠧ饭 -
 祭 㭪樨. ᫥
  {Enter 
 㤥 뤥.
 ]4.  ⥪⭮  
 "樠쭠 ⠢-
...%,   襬 
 㯯 ࠤ 
ਠ "%   
 "{%.   
{B]1:{B]101 ᯮ 祭
 㭪樨.
 ]5. 뤥 
{A]1:{B]101   -
  {F]5. 뤥
 ᮤন  -
   祭 -
 㭪樨.


 ]6.   "⠢% 
㯯 "ࠬ% 
 "⠢ ࠬ%.
 믮 ⮣ 㭪
⬠  ᭠砫 
 {Alt +,  ⥬ 
᫥⥫쭮 㪢 "% 
 "]1%.
 ]7.  襬 
"⠢ ࠬ% ३
  " ࠬ% 
  ᯨ᪠ 
"䨪%.
 ᫥ 믮  蠣
⬠  ࠡ祬  㤥
஥ 㡨᪠ ࠡ,
 䨪  㭪-
樨.

   ]5.]5.]2. ࠬ
  {Excel  ந  ⮫-
 䨪 㭪権,  ࠬ-
. ᬮਬ  ⢥ ਬ-
 㣮 ࠬ. 㣮
ࠬ ।祭 
業  ⮢  饬
⢥. ࠬ  -
  砥  

 {III                       ]97
㤠⢥  
ଠ⨪. 楤 ஥-
 ࠬ ⥫쭮 ,
祬 楤 ஥ 䨪
㭪樨.
 ,ਬ,ॡ -
來 த஢ -
⢥ ᮮ⭮襭 ,
ࠦ  祩,訢-
 ,ன ⡮쭮
.  祩 {A]1 ᨬ
⢮  (ਬ ]12),
 祩 {B]1 ᨬ ⢮
ࠦ (ਬ ]5), 
祩 {C]1- ⢮ 祩-
 १⮢ (ਬ ]3).
⥬ 뤥塞   祩 
  "⠢%  㯯
"ࠬ% 뢠 
 "⠢ ࠬ%.  ⮬
 롨ࠥ 㣮 -
ࠬ   {Enter. 
ࠡ祬   ,ࠧ-
   ᥪ,ய-
樮  頤 ᮮ⢥-
騬 稭.


           `:::::::::
   ࠡ  ࠬ 㤮-
 짮 ᫥騬
 ணࠬ {JAWS for
{Windows:
  {CTRL +{SHIFT +{O- 
ꥪ  ;
  {INS +{ALT +{C-  ⨢-
 ࠬ  ⥪饬 ;
  {CTRL +{INS +{C- 뢥 -
࠭ ⨢ ࠬ 
 㠫쭮 ᬮ.
           :::::::::`

:::::     ::::
  ]1. ᪠  ந
䨪 㭪樨  {Excel?
  ]2.   ࠧ  -
ࠬ  䨪?
  ]3.   ࠬ 
?
  ]4. ᪠  ந
ࠬ  {Excel?
  ]5. ᪠  
 ࠬ  {Excel 
 {JAWS for {Windows.



 {III                       ]99

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1. ன  {Excel 䨪
㭪樨 }y =x[.]2 +]5  १
-]10};]10.
  ]2. ன  {Excel 㣮-
 ࠬ,ࠦ -
⢮   ᮣ 㪢 
᪮ 䠢.


















             ]6
        ୥
         ணࠬ
          {JAWS  {NVDA

]6.]1. {HTML-䠩
        ୥ ॢ⥫

   ]6.]1.]1.  ࠧ⪨ {HTML
  樨  㠫-
 ஫   ୥
᭮뢠  ⪮ ।⠢-
 짮⥫  
{HTML-࠭.  ⢨
 墠 冷
ࠧ  ࠭ 室
ନ஢  ᮧ  
ࠧ,,    
⥫,⢫ -
  ࠭.  ⮣ -
   ।⠢
 ਭ樯 ନ஢ {HTML-
࠭.  ࠧ,楫ᮮ-
ࠧ   樨
ࠫ쭮  ᭮ {HTML-
ணࠬ஢. 稩 -
⥫   ।⠢-

 {III                       ]101
  ᭮ 
{HTML,⠪    -
 ਥࠬ  樨 
 ணࠬ 㠫쭮
㯠.
   祭
ࠡ   ୥  ࠪ-
᪮ ᮧ ⥩
{HTML-࠭  襬 -
  ᢮ ᭮ 񬮢
樨 ।⢥ 
.  䠪, {HTML-࠭
室   ୥, 
襬 ,  -
   樨.
 ᯮᮡ 祭 ਢ
 ନ஢  몮,
᭮   -
 ࠭,   堭-
᪮  ।񭭮
 .
|  {HTML-࠭  {WEB--
|  ᠭ  몥,
| 뢠 {HTML ({Hyper {Text
| {Markup {Language). {HTML -
| ⮨  ⮢,-
|  ଠ  

| 楢,३,⠡,ᯨ᪮
|  ..   뢠
| .
 ᭮ ⫨稥 {WEB-࠭
 筮 ⥪ 砥 
⮬,   뫪  -
 ࠭.  {HTML 
 ਡ,ࠢ騥 ࠡ-
⮩ ⥣.   ਡ⮢
ࠧࠡ稪 {Web-࠭
।⠢ ଠ  -
  ࠭,⠪,ਬ,
 ᠭ 㭪  -
 ⮢ ࠢ. -
   譨 
⥪  㭪.  ⠪
   -
⮢ ࠢ,ਬ,⠢-
 뫪 뢠  
.
 設⢮ ⥣ ,..
  뢠饣  -
饣.  ⨬ 뢠騬
 뢠騬 ⥣  -
짮 㣨 ,-
 {HTML  -
.


 {III                       ]103
  ⥣ {HTML 뢠 
㣫 ᪮, ।
騬 ⥣ ᫥ 㣫
뢠饩 ᪮ 뢠
 "}/% ( ).
  짮⥫ 
  {JAWS
{INSERT +{SHIFT +{F]1  -
祭 ଠ樨  ⥣ 
{CTRL +{INSERT +{SHIFT +{F]1 
祭 ⥫쭮 -
樨,뢠 ,⮡ࠦ-
饥 ⥣   ࠬ,
ਡ,ᯮ㥬  ⥣.
 ⮬   ६-
 묨 ५.
           `:::::::::
  ᫨ ᭮ ⥣
몠 {HTML:
   {HTML^ 頥 㧥
(ணࠬ ᬮ ୥-
࠭), 㬥 
{Web-࠭楩. ⨬ ⥣ -
 稭  稢,
  㣨 ⥣ 室
 ,..   -
娨.

 ::::::::::
   {TITLE^  
 ⮡ࠦ ⥪. 
 ⮡ࠦ,ਬ,
 ࠭  
.  {HTML-㬥 
 쪮  ⥣ {TITLE^.
 ⥣  ᯮ짮
 䨪樨 ᮤন
㬥.  頥 ।
뢠騬 ⥣ {body^  
室  .  
ணࠬ 㠫쭮 㯠
({JAWS  {NVDA) {Ins +{T,-
⥫   ப,
  ⥣ {TITLE^.
 ::::::::::
   {HEAD^ । ,
 頥 ࠧ筠 -
, ⮡ࠦ  ⥫
㬥.  ᯮ
⥣ }title^  㬥
 ⥣  ᪮ 設. 
 室  -
 {HTML^  ⮬  ஢
娨,  {BODY^.



 {III                       ]105
 ::::::::::
   {META^ ।祭 
᭮  ᠭ  -
஢ 㬥 ᪮묨
設. 뢠騩 ⥣
}/{META^ .
 ::::::::::
   {BODY^ । -
  㬥.  ⮬ ࠧ-
 ᯮ  ᮤঠ-
⥫쭠  ଠ樨 (⥪
,⮣䨨,  -
,㣨 ꥪ). 
 室  -
 {html^    
娨.
    易⥫
ਡ⮢:
  {Bgcolor- ⠭ 梥
䮭 㬥. ਬ,
⮣ 梥 {body {Bgcolor
="yellow%^;
  {Text- ⠭ 梥
⥪ 㬥;
  {Link- ⠭ 梥
뫮;


  {Vlink- ⠭ 梥
 뫮.
 ::::::::::
   {P^ ᮧ  
(ࠣ).    ⥣
{P^, ,
.
 ਡ:
  {Title- ᯫ뢠 ᪠;
  {Align- ࠢ ⥪
, ਭ 祭:
 }left- ࠢ  
 ( 㬮砭);
 }right- ࠢ  ࠢ
;
 }center- ࠢ 
業;
 }justify- ࠢ 
ਭ.
 ::::::::::
   {H^ 㦨  ᮧ-
 . ᥣ 
]6 ஢ -  {H]1
 {H]6.  ஢ ]1
 ᠬ묨 訬, 
 ᫥饬 ஢ ,
 ࠭ ⥪ ,
⠭ .

 {III                       ]107
 ਡ:
  {Title- ᯫ뢠 ᪠;
  {Align- ࠢ 
 ᮮ⢥⢨  묨
祭ﬨ: }center,}left,
}right.
 ::::::::::
   {BIG^ 뢮 ⥪
㯭 ⮬.
 ਡ:
  {Title- 뢠 ⥪ 
 ᯫ뢠饩 ᪠.
 ::::::::::
   {SMALL^ 뢮 ⥪
 ⮬.
 ਡ:
  {Title- 뢠 ⥪ 
 ᯫ뢠饩 ᪠.
 ::::::::::
   {BR^  ॡ ୮
뢠饣 ⥣.  {BR^
({Break{Line) ⠢ ॢ
ப.
 ::::::::::
   {NOBR^ 頥 ॢ
ப. 뢠 砨, -
 室 

ॢ ப. ,-
  ⮣ ⥣,㤥
࠭஢ ᯮ 
 ப  ७ 
.  ப  㬥-
  ࠭,   -
ᬮ ਤ ᯮ짮
ਧ⠫ ப.
 ::::::::::
   {HR^  
{HTML-㬥 ਧ⠫
. ।  ᫥  -
頥  ப. 뢠-
騩 ⥣  ॡ.
 ਡ:
  {Size- ⠭ 
(⮫騭) ;
  {Width- ⠭ ਭ
  ᥫ  業;
  {Noshade- ᮧ  
⥭;
  {Color-  梥 .
 ::::::::::
   {font^ । 뢮-
 , 梥  ࠧ.
뢠騩 ⥣ ॡ.



 {III                       ]109
 ਡ:
  {Color- ⠭ 梥
⥪;
  {Face- । ୨
;
  {Size- ⠭ 
ᨬ  ।  ]1  ]7
( 㬮砭 ࠢ ]3).
 ::::::::::
   {B^  ୮ -
⠭.
 ਡ:
  {Title- 뢠 ⥪ 
 ᯫ뢠饩 ᪠.
 ::::::::::
   {i^  ᨢ
⠭.
 ::::::::::
   {s^  ન.
 ::::::::::
   {u^  ન-
.
 ::::::::::
   {BLOCKQUOTE^ ।-
祭  祭  㬥
 ,ᮧ  
 ஭ ⥪  ⤥

  ⠫쭮 ⥪
묨 ப.
           :::::::::`

   ]6.]1.]2. ਬ ⥩襩
   {HTML-࠭
           `:::::::::
 {HTML^
 {TITLE^  _
}/{TITLe^
 {body BGCOLOR ="YELLoW%}
text ="BLACK%^
 {font size =]5^
 {P ALIGN =CENTER^
  ᯮ {BR^_
⥪ ࠭.
 }/{P^
 }/{font^
 }/{body^
 }/{html^
           :::::::::`

   ]6.]1.]3. {Internet {Explorer
  ᬮ ୥-࠭
( {WEB-࠭) 㦠 ᯥ-
 ணࠬ- ୥
ॢ⥫ (㧥). 
ணࠬ 砥  

 {III                       ]111
裡 {HTML-䠩  ࢥ,
ண 㪠 짮⥫.
祭 {HTML-䠩 ࠡ-
 ॢ⥫  ᮮ⢥-
⢨  㪠묨   ⥣
 ⮡ࠦ  ࠭. 
室  뫪  㣮
㬥,, ᢮ ।,-
㯠   짮-
⥫  ࠡ뢠 ॢ-
⥫.  ᪮쪮 -
 ୥ ॢ⥫:
   {Internet {Explorer,
   {Microsoft {Edge,
   {Fire{Fox,
   {Google {Chrome  .
  ਡ⨢ 樮
⥬ {Windows ]10 室
 ⠪ ணࠬ {Internet
{Explorer  {Microsoft {Edge.
  ᠭ  -
ᮡ {Microsoft {Edge 㯠
 㤮 ᯮ짮 
㠫쭮 ஫ -
᪮ ॢ⥫ {Internet
{Explorer.   㤥 -
ᬠਢ ⮫쪮 {Internet

{Explorer ᨨ ]11.
  {Internet {Explorer
 ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ:
 ]1.   몠  "-
祬 ⮫% ( ।⥫쭮
室 ᮧ). 
 {Win +{D,३ 
"稩 ⮫%,  -
 ५   -
ࠬ {Internet {Explorer 
    {Enter.
 ]2.   " %
樮 ⥬. 
 {Win, 䮪  
 ।஢. 筨
  ணࠬ
"{Internet {Explorer%,樮-
 ⥬ ᪠ 砭
,᫥ 祣  -
 {Enter.   
   ।஢,
, ५ ,
  ᯨ᪥ ணࠬ  ⠪
 {Enter.
  {Internet {Explorer
࣠   -
᪮ .   
{Alt 뢠 ப ,

 {III                       ]113
 ன  ६
ਧ⠫묨 ५. -
ࠢ 㦭 㯯 ,-
뢠  襩   롨-
ࠥ  襩 {Enter.
  ᪥ ணࠬ {Internet
{Explorer    ⮡ࠦ-
 {WEB-࠭,  -
⢥ 譥.
 ਢ  
譥 ࠭:
 ]1.  {Internet
{Explorer.
 ]2. ன  ਫ
襩 {Alt (ணࠬ -
쭮 㯠 ந:
"ப  䠩%) ,
ࠢ, 㯯 "ࢨ%.
 ]3. ன ⨪쭮 
襩 ५   
 ᯨ᪥  "⢠ -
...%.   ᠬ -
  ᯨ᪥,⮬ ३ 
 㤮,  ࠧ
५ .
 ]4.    
{Enter  "⢠ 㧥-

...%,  "騥% (-
    䮪)  
।஢  
ᠩ, 㤥 뢠
 ᪥ 㧥. ਬ,
 "}http:}/}/google.com%.
 ]5. ⥬,  {Tab,
  "{Ok%  ⨢-
  襩 ஡ 
{Enter.
  㪠 ᪮쪮 -
,   뢠 
᪥ 㧥  ࠧ -
.
           `:::::::::
  ਢ ᪮쪮  -
㥬  
ணࠬ {Internet {Explorer:
  {Ctrl +{O-  
"...%  㪠 
ᠩ, 室 -
;
  {Tab- 室  ᫥饩
뫪   ࠢ;
  {Shift +{Tab- 室  ।-
饩 뫪   ࠢ-
;


 {III                       ]115
  {Enter- ⨢஢ 뫪;
  {Alt +५ - 
 । ࠭;
  {Alt +५ ࠢ- 室
 ᫥ ࠭;
  {Alt +{D- ॢ 䮪 
 ப;
  {F]5-  ࠭;
  {Alt-   ਫ;
  {F]1- ࠢ;
  {Ctrl +{F]4-  ⥪
;
  {Alt +{F]4-  ਫ-
.
           :::::::::`
  ᯮ짮 {Internet
{Explorer   ਮ-
᪨  ᯫ뢠 
㢥.  ந室,
ਬ, ᪠稢 䠩,
 - ᠩ ⠥
⠭  {Active{X
 ..
 ⮡ ६ 䮪 
 㢥,ᯮ
 {Alt +{N.  -
 {Tab, ⮡ ६

    㢥-
.
 ⮡   㢥-
,ᯮ 
 {Alt +{Q.   ⮩
  㢥 㤥
 ࠧ ᨬ 
⮣, 䮪   .

:::::     ::::
  ]1.  ⠪ {HTML?
  ]2.   ᭮ 
樨  {WEB-࠭ 
㠫쭮 ஫?
  ]3.  ⠪ ⥣?
  ]4.  ⠪ ਡ ⥣?
  ]5.  ୥ ॢ-
⥫  ?
  ]6.  祣 㦭 ணࠬ
{Internet {Explorer?
  ]7.   ணࠬ
{Internet {Explorer  ?
  ]8. ᪠  
 ⮢ ࠭ 
{Internet {Explorer.




 {III                       ]117

xxxy  ࠦ
        ᠬ⥫쭮
       믮
  ]1.  ਢ 
ࠧ ]6.]1.]2. ਬ
{HTML-࠭  । -
 ({Note{Pad),࠭  
୥  ᪠ "{D:% 
 "}firststr.htm%  ன-
  ணࠬ ॢ⥫
(ਬ,ணࠬ {Internet
{Explorer).  
  ᮤন ࠭,梥
⥪  䮭.
  ]2. ⥫쭮 ᮧ
{HTML-࠭  ६ ⢥-
ﬨ  ⢮७,
ᯮ   
祭 ⥣   ਡ⮢.
  ]3. 믨  ࠤ -
    "-
⢠ 㧥...% ணࠬ
{Internet {Explorer.
  ]4. ᯮ  "騥%
 "⢠ 㧥...%,
   ࠭

 ⮬᪮ 㧪,
ਬ:
   "}http:}/}/www.av]3715.ru%.
  ]5. ᯮ 
"...%,㧨 ࠭-
 ᪮ ⥬
"{Yandex.ru%.




















